In labarin karshe, mun gabatar da fitowar masu rarrabawa, wasu hanyoyi da ayyuka na masu rarrabawa. A cikin wannan sashe, za mu bincika nau'ikan masu rarrabawa a lokuta daban-daban tare da tarihin ci gaban masu rarraba.

Na al'ada low kwayoyin nauyi wetting da dispersing wakili
Wanda ya fara watsawa shine gishirin triethanolamine na fatty acid, wanda aka ƙaddamar a kasuwa kimanin shekaru 100 da suka wuce. Wannan dispersant ne sosai m da kuma tattalin arziki a general masana'antu fenti aikace-aikace. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da shi, kuma aikinsa na farko a cikin tsarin alkyd mai matsakaici ba shi da kyau.

A cikin 1940s zuwa 1970s, pigments da aka yi amfani da su a cikin masana'antar sutura sun kasance nau'i-nau'i na inorganic pigments da wasu nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke da sauƙin tarwatsawa. Masu rarrabawa a cikin wannan lokacin sun kasance abubuwa kama da surfactants, tare da rukunin ƙulla launi a ƙarshen ƙarshen da kuma ɓangaren guduro mai jituwa a ɗayan ƙarshen. Yawancin kwayoyin halitta suna da maki guda ɗaya kawai.

Ta fuskar tsari, za a iya raba su gida uku:

(1) Abubuwan da ake samu na fatty acid, gami da fatty acid amides, fatty acid amide salts, da fatty acid polyethers. Misali, gyare-gyaren fatty acids tare da tubalan da BYK ya haɓaka a cikin 1920-1930, waɗanda aka yi musu gishiri tare da amines masu tsayi don samun Anti-Terra U. Akwai kuma BYK's P104/104S tare da manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙarshen aiki dangane da ƙarin amsawar DA. BESM® 9116 daga Shierli shine mai rarrabawa mai rarrabawa da kuma daidaitaccen tarwatsawa a cikin masana'antar putty. Yana da kyau wettability, anti-setting Properties da ajiya kwanciyar hankali. Hakanan yana iya haɓaka abubuwan haɓakar lalata kuma ana amfani dashi ko'ina a cikin kayan aikin rigakafin lalata. BESM® 9104/9104S kuma shine na yau da kullun sarrafawa mai tarwatsawa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu ruɗi. Yana iya samar da tsarin cibiyar sadarwa lokacin da aka tarwatse, wanda ke da matukar taimako wajen sarrafa lalatawar pigment da launi mai iyo. Tun da fatty acid wanda ke tarwatsa albarkatun kasa ba su da dogaro da albarkatun petrochemical, ana iya sabuntawa.

(2) Organic phosphoric acid ester polymers. Irin wannan nau'in mai watsawa yana da ikon daidaitawa na duniya don abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Misali, BYK 110/180/111 da BESM® 9110/9108/9101 daga Shierli sune ƙwaƙƙwaran tarwatsawa don tarwatsa titanium dioxide da inorganic pigments, tare da raguwar danko mai ban mamaki, haɓaka launi da aikin ajiya. Bugu da kari, BYK 103 da BESM® 9103 daga Shierli duka suna nuna kyakkyawan fa'idodin rage danko da kwanciyar hankali lokacin da ake watsar da matte slurries.

(3) Non-ionic aliphatic polyethers da alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers. Nauyin kwayoyin wannan nau'in mai watsawa gabaɗaya bai wuce 2000 g/mol ba, kuma yana mai da hankali sosai kan tarwatsewar ingantattun pigments da filler. Za su iya taimaka jika da pigments a lokacin nika, yadda ya kamata adsorb a saman inorganic pigments da kuma hana stratification da hazo na pigments, da kuma iya sarrafa flocculation da kuma hana iyo launuka. Duk da haka, saboda ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin halitta, ba za su iya samar da tasiri mai mahimmanci ba, kuma ba za su iya inganta haske da bambanci na fim din fenti ba. Ƙungiyoyin anchoring na ionic ba za a iya sanya su a saman abubuwan da ke jikin kwayoyin halitta ba.

Maɗaukakin nauyin kwayoyin halitta masu rarrabawa
A cikin 1970, an fara amfani da pigments na halitta da yawa. ICI's phthalocyanine pigments, DuPont's quinacridone pigments, CIBA's azo condensation pigments, Clariant's benzimidazolone pigments, da dai sauransu duk sun kasance masana'antu kuma sun shiga kasuwa a cikin 1970s. Asalin ƙananan nauyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ba za ta iya sake daidaita waɗannan launi ba, kuma an fara samar da sababbin nau'o'in nau'in nau'in kwayoyin halitta.

Wannan nau'in mai watsawa yana da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 5000-25000 g/mol, tare da adadi mai yawa na ƙungiyoyi masu daidaita launi a kan kwayoyin. Babban sarkar polymer yana ba da daidaituwa mai faɗi, kuma sarkar gefen da aka warware tana ba da tsangwama mai tsauri, ta yadda ɓangarorin pigment sun kasance gaba ɗaya a cikin yanayin lalacewa da kwanciyar hankali. Maɗaukakin nauyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya daidaita launuka daban-daban kuma gaba ɗaya warware matsaloli kamar launi mai iyo da iyo, musamman ga al'amuran kwayoyin halitta da baƙar fata na carbon tare da ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da sauƙi flocculation. High kwayoyin nauyi dispersants ne duk deflocculating dispersants tare da mahara pigment anchoring kungiyoyin a kan kwayoyin sarkar, wanda zai iya karfi da rage danko na launi manna, inganta pigment tinting ƙarfi, fenti mai sheki da vividness, da kuma inganta nuna gaskiya na m pigments. A cikin tsarin tushen ruwa, manyan masu rarraba nauyin kwayoyin halitta suna da kyakkyawan juriya na ruwa da juriya na saponification. Tabbas, masu tarwatsa nauyin nauyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya samun wasu sakamako masu illa, waɗanda galibi sun fito ne daga ƙimar aminin mai watsawa. Babban darajar amine zai haifar da ƙara danko na tsarin epoxy yayin ajiya; rage lokacin kunnawa na nau'ikan polyurethane guda biyu (ta amfani da isocyanates aromatic); rage reactivity na acid-curing tsarin; da raunin kuzarin tasirin cobalt a cikin bushewar alkyds.

Daga mahangar tsarin sinadarai, wannan nau'in tarwatsewar an fi kasu kashi uku:

(1) Babban kwayoyin nauyi na polyurethane wutsiya, waɗanda suke hankula wutsiya na polyurthane. Misali, BYK 160/161/163/164, BESM® 9160/9161/9163/9164, EFKA 4060/4061/4063, da kuma sabon ƙarni na polyurethane dispersants BYK 2155 da BESM® 9248 masu sauraro da wuri ya bayyana. Yana da kyakkyawan raguwar danko da kaddarorin haɓaka launi don samfuran halitta da baƙar fata na carbon, kuma sau ɗaya ya zama daidaitaccen rarrabuwa don samfuran halitta. Sabbin ƙarni na masu watsawa na polyurethane sun inganta haɓakar raguwar danko da kaddarorin haɓaka launi. BYK 170 da BESM® 9107 sun fi dacewa da tsarin sarrafa acid. Mai watsawa ba shi da darajar amine, wanda ke rage haɗarin haɓakawa yayin ajiyar fenti kuma baya shafar bushewar fenti.

(2) Polyacrylate dispersants. Waɗannan masu tarwatsawa, kamar BYK 190 da BESM® 9003, sun zama masu tarwatsawa na duniya don suturar tushen ruwa.

(3) Masu tarwatsawa na polymer Hyperbranched. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su na hyperbranched sune Lubrizol 24000 da BESM® 9240, waɗanda sune amides + imides bisa dogon sarkar polyesters. Waɗannan samfuran guda biyu samfuran haƙƙin mallaka ne waɗanda galibi suka dogara da kashin baya na polyester don daidaita launuka. Ƙarfinsu don ɗaukar baƙar fata carbon har yanzu yana da kyau. Duk da haka, polyester zai yi crystallize a ƙananan yanayin zafi kuma zai yi hazo a cikin fenti da aka gama. Wannan matsalar tana nufin cewa 24000 za a iya amfani da shi kawai a cikin tawada. Bayan haka, zai iya nuna kyakkyawan ci gaban launi da kwanciyar hankali lokacin amfani da shi don tarwatsa baƙar fata na carbon a cikin masana'antar tawada. Domin inganta aikin crystallization, Lubrizol 32500 da BESM® 9245 sun bayyana daya bayan daya. Idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan nau'ikan biyu na farko, masu rarraba polymer hyperbranched suna da tsarin kwayoyin halitta mai kama da juna da kuma ƙungiyoyin alaƙar launuka masu yawa, yawanci tare da ƙwararrun haɓaka launi da ingantaccen aikin rage danƙo. Ana iya daidaita daidaituwar masu watsawa na polyurethane akan kewayon da yawa, galibi yana rufe duk resins na alkyd daga dogon mai zuwa gajeriyar mai, duk resins polyester cikakke, da resins na hydroxyl acrylic, kuma yana iya daidaita yawancin baƙar fata carbon da pigments Organic na sifofi daban-daban. Tun da har yanzu akwai adadi mai yawa na maki daban-daban tsakanin 6000-15000 ma'aunin kwayoyin halitta, abokan ciniki suna buƙatar yin allo don dacewa da adadin ƙari.

Masu tarwatsawar polymerization na kyauta masu sarrafawa
Bayan 1990, an ƙara haɓaka buƙatun kasuwa don watsawar launi kuma an sami ci gaba a cikin fasahar haɗin polymer, kuma an haɓaka sabon ƙarni na masu rarraba polymerization na kyauta.

Polymerization free radical mai sarrafawa (CFRP) yana da daidaitaccen tsari da aka ƙera, tare da ƙungiyar ƙugiya a ƙarshen polymer da yanki mai warwarewa a ɗayan ƙarshen. CFRP yana amfani da monomers iri ɗaya kamar polymerization na al'ada, amma saboda ana tsara monomers akai-akai akan sassan kwayoyin kuma rarraba nauyin kwayoyin halitta ya fi iri ɗaya, aikin watsawar polymer ɗin da aka haɗa yana da tsalle mai inganci. Wannan ingantacciyar ƙungiyar anchoring tana haɓaka ikon hana flocculation mai watsawa da haɓakar launi na pigment. Madaidaicin yanki na warwarewa yana ba mai watsawa ƙaramin ɗanɗanon ɗanɗano mai launi mai niƙa da ƙari mai yawa, kuma mai watsawa yana da jituwa mai faɗi tare da kayan tushe daban-daban na guduro.

 

Haɓaka masu rarraba suturar zamani na zamani yana da tarihin ƙasa da shekaru 100. Akwai nau'ikan masu rarrabawa da yawa don launuka daban-daban da tsarin akan kasuwa. Babban tushen tarwatsa albarkatun kasa har yanzu shine albarkatun man petrochemical. Haɓaka adadin albarkatun da za'a iya sabuntawa a cikin masu rarrabawa alƙawarin ci gaba ne mai ban sha'awa. Daga tsarin ci gaba na masu rarrabawa, masu rarrabawa suna ƙara ingantawa. Ko yana da ikon rage danko ko haɓaka launi da sauran damar iya inganta lokaci guda, wannan tsari zai ci gaba a nan gaba.

Sabon Kayayyakin Reborn Nanjing yana bayarwawetting dispersant wakili don fenti da shafi, ciki har da wasu waɗanda suka dace da Disperbyk.

 


Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-25-2025