In ʻatikala hope loa, ua hoʻolauna mākou i ka puka ʻana o nā dispersants, kekahi mau hana a me nā hana o nā dispersants. Ma kēia ʻāpana, e ʻimi mākou i nā ʻano dispersants i nā manawa like ʻole me ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala o nā dispersants.

Kuʻuna haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa molekala kaumaha pulu a me ka dispersing agent
ʻO ka dispersant mua loa he paʻakai triethanolamine o ka momona momona, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka mākeke ma kahi o 100 mau makahiki i hala. He mea maikaʻi loa kēia dispersant a maʻemaʻe hoʻi i nā noi pena ʻenehana. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, a ʻaʻole maikaʻi kāna hana mua i ka ʻōnaehana ʻaila alkyd medium.

I ka makahiki 1940 a hiki i ka makahiki 1970, ʻo nā puaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka ʻoihana hoʻopaʻapaʻa he mau puaʻa inorganic a me kekahi mau puaʻa kūlohelohe i maʻalahi ke hoʻopuehu. ʻO nā mea hoʻopuehu i kēia wā he mau mea like me nā surfactants, me kahi hui heleuma puaʻa ma kekahi ʻaoʻao a me kahi ʻāpana kūpono resin ma kekahi ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā molekala hoʻokahi wale nō wahi heleuma pigment.

Mai ka manaʻo hoʻolālā, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:

(1) nā mea hoʻoheheʻe momona, me nā amides momona momona, nā paʻakai amide momona momona, a me nā polyethers momona momona. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā ʻakika momona i hoʻololi ʻia me nā poloka i hoʻomohala ʻia e BYK i ka makahiki 1920-1930, i paʻakai ʻia me nā amine kaulahao lōʻihi e loaʻa ai iā Anti-Terra U. Aia pū kekahi BYK's P104/104S me nā hui hope hana kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka pane hoʻohui DA. ʻO BESM® 9116 mai Shierli kahi mea hoʻopuehu deflocculating a me kahi dispersant maʻamau i ka ʻoihana putty. Loaʻa iā ia ka wettability maikaʻi, nā waiwai anti-settling a me ka mālama paʻa. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai anti-corrosion a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā primer anti-corrosion. ʻO BESM® 9104/9104S kekahi mea hoʻopuehu flocculation maʻamau me nā hui heleuma he nui. Hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi ʻōnaehana pūnaewele ke hoʻopuehu ʻia, he mea kōkua nui i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka sedimentation pigment a me ke kala lana. No ka mea ʻaʻole i hilinaʻi hou ʻia nā mea waiwai derivative derivative dispersant i nā mea waiwai petrochemical, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia.

(2) Organic phosphoric acid ester polymers. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano dispersant kahi mana heleuma honua no nā puaʻa inorganic. No ka laʻana, ʻo BYK 110/180/111 a me BESM® 9110/9108/9101 mai Shierli nā mea hoʻopuehu maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i ka titanium dioxide a me nā puaʻa inorganic, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa viscosity koʻikoʻi, ka hoʻomohala kala a me ka hana mālama. Eia kekahi, hōʻike ʻo BYK 103 a me BESM® 9103 mai Shierli i nā pono maikaʻi hoʻemi viscosity maikaʻi a me ka paʻa o ka mālama ʻana i ka wā e hoʻopuehu ai i nā slurries matte.

(3) Non-ionic aliphatic polyethers a me alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers. ʻO ke kaumaha molekala o kēia ʻano dispersant ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 2000 g/mol, a ʻoi aku ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o nā puaʻa inorganic a me nā mea hoʻopiha. Hiki iā lākou ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā puaʻa i ka wā e wili ai, e hoʻopili pono i ka ʻili o nā puaʻa inorganic a pale i ka stratification a me ka ua o nā puaʻa, a hiki ke hoʻomalu i ka flocculation a pale i nā kala lana. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaumaha o ka molekala, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ka pale steric maikaʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nani a me ka ʻokoʻa o ka kiʻi pena. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā hui heleuma Ionic ma ka ʻili o nā puaʻa organik.

Kiʻekiʻe molecular kaumaha dispersants
I ka makahiki 1970, hoʻomaka ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā puaʻa organik i ka nui. ʻO nā puaʻa phthalocyanine a ICI, nā puaʻa quinacridone a DuPont, nā puaʻa condensation azo o CIBA, nā puaʻa benzimidazolone a Clariant, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia a komo i ka mākeke i nā makahiki 1970. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke hoʻopaʻa hou i kēia mau puaʻa, a ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hoʻopuehu kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

He 5000-25000 g/mol kēia ʻano dispersant, me ka nui o nā pūʻulu heleuma pigment ma ka mole. Hāʻawi ke kaulahao nui polymer i ka hoʻohālikelike ākea, a ʻo ke kaulahao ʻaoʻao i hoʻopau ʻia e hāʻawi i ka steric hindrance, no laila ua piha nā ʻāpana puaʻa i kahi kūlana deflocculated a paʻa. Hiki i nā dispersants molecular kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻopaʻa i nā puaʻa like ʻole a hoʻopau loa i nā pilikia e like me ke kala lana a me ka lana ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui no nā puaʻa organik a me ka ʻeleʻele kalapona me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka flocculation maʻalahi. ʻO nā dispersants kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe nā deflocculating dispersants me nā pūʻulu heleuma puaʻa he nui ma ke kaulahao mole, hiki ke hōʻemi ikaika i ka viscosity o ka paʻi kala, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika o ka puaʻa, ka pena a me ka nani, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o nā pua puaʻa. I nā ʻōnaehana wai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā dispersants molecular weight dispersants maikaʻi loa i ka wai a me ka pale saponification. ʻOiaʻiʻo, loaʻa paha i nā dispersants kaumaha kaumaha nui kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao, ka mea nui mai ka waiwai amine o ka dispersant. ʻO ka waiwai amine kiʻekiʻe e alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui viscosity o nā ʻōnaehana epoxy i ka wā e mālama ai; hoʻemi ʻia ka manawa hoʻāla o nā polyurethanes ʻelua (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā isocyanates aromatic); hōʻemi i ka reactivity o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻōla waika; a hoʻonāwaliwali i ka hopena catalytic o ka cobalt catalysts i nā alkyd maloʻo ea.

Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hana kemika, ua māhele nui ʻia kēia ʻano dispersant i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:

(1) Kiʻekiʻe molecular kaumaha polyurethane dispersants, he typical polyurethane dispersants. No ka la'ana, BYK 160/161/163/164, BESM® 9160/9161/9163/9164, EFKA 4060/4061/4063, a me ka hanauna hou loa o ka polyurethane dispersants BYK 2155 a me BESM® 9248 mea i puka mai ai keia 'ano o ka poe hoolaha mua. Loaʻa iā ia ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka viscosity a me nā waiwai hoʻomohala kala no nā puaʻa organik a me ka ʻeleʻele kalapona, a ua lilo i ka dispersant maʻamau no nā puaʻa organik. ʻO ka hanauna hou loa o nā polyurethane dispersants ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka viscosity a me nā waiwai hoʻomohala kala. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o BYK 170 a me BESM® 9107 no nā ʻōnaehana acid-catalyzed. ʻAʻohe waiwai amine ka dispersant, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o ka agglomeration i ka wā e waiho ai ka pena a ʻaʻole pili i ka maloʻo ʻana o ka pena.

(2) Polyacrylate dispersants. ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻopuehu, e like me BYK 190 a me BESM® 9003, ua lilo i mau dispersants maʻamau maʻamau no nā uhi wai.

(3) ʻO nā dispersants polymer hyperbranched. ʻO Lubrizol 24000 a me BESM® 9240, ʻo ia nā amides + imides e pili ana i nā polyesters kaulahao lōʻihi. ʻO kēia mau huahana ʻelua nā huahana patented e hilinaʻi nui i ka iwi kuamoʻo polyester e hoʻopaʻa i nā puaʻa. He maikaʻi loa ko lākou hiki ke mālama i ka ʻeleʻele kalapona. Eia naʻe, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka polyester i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka pena i hoʻopau ʻia. ʻO kēia pilikia ʻo ia ka 24000 hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia i nā inika. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i ka hoʻomohala kala maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopuehu kalapona ʻeleʻele i ka ʻoihana inika. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana crystallization, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Lubrizol 32500 a me BESM® 9245 i kēlā me kēia. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāpana mua ʻelua, ua loaʻa i nā dispersants polymer hyperbranched kahi ʻano molekula spherical a me nā pūʻulu pili puaʻa ʻoi loa, maʻamau me ka ulu ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka viscosity. Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā dispersants polyurethane ma kahi ākea, e uhi nui ana i nā resins alkyd a pau mai ka aila lōʻihi a i ka ʻaila pōkole, nā resins polyester saturated, a me nā resins hydroxyl acrylic, a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā kalapona ʻeleʻele a me nā puaʻa kūlohelohe o nā hale like ʻole. Ma muli o ka nui o nā helu like ʻole ma waena o 6000-15000 molecular weights, pono nā mea kūʻai aku e nānā no ka hoʻohālikelike a me ka nui o ka hoʻohui.

Nā mea hoʻopuehu polymerization radical manuahi e hoʻomalu ʻia
Ma hope o 1990, ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka noi o ka mākeke no ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i ka puaʻa a ua loaʻa nā holomua i ka ʻenehana synthesis polymer, a ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka hanauna hou loa o nā dispersants polymerization free radical.

ʻO ka polymerization radical manuahi hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia (CFRP) i hoʻolālā pololei ʻia, me kahi hui heleuma ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka polymer a me kahi ʻāpana i hoʻopau ʻia ma kekahi ʻaoʻao. Hoʻohana ka CFRP i nā monomers like me ka polymerization maʻamau, akā no ka hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻana o nā monomers ma nā ʻāpana molekala a ʻoi aku ka lōkahi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kaumaha, ʻo ka hana o ka dispersant polymer synthesized he lele qualitative. Hoʻomaikaʻi nui kēia hui heleuma maikaʻi i ka hiki anti-flocculation o ka dispersant a me ka hoʻomohala kala o ka puaʻa. Hāʻawi ka ʻāpana solvated kikoʻī i ka dispersant i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻopili ana i ka viscosity a me kahi hoʻohui puaʻa kiʻekiʻe, a he ākea ākea ka dispersant me nā mea kumu resin.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā dispersant coating hou he moʻolelo ma lalo o 100 mau makahiki. Nui nā ʻano dispersants no nā puaʻa like ʻole a me nā ʻōnaehana ma ka mākeke. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka dispersant raw mea ʻo ia nō ka petrochemical raw material. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā mea maka hou i nā dispersants he alakaʻi hoʻomohala maikaʻi loa. Mai ke kaʻina hana hoʻomohala o nā dispersants, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā dispersants. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻemi viscosity a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala kala a me nā mea hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka manawa like, e hoʻomau ʻia kēia kaʻina hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Hāʻawi ʻo Nanjing Reborn New Materialsmea hoʻoheheʻe wai no ka pena a me ka uhi ʻana, me kekahi mau mea e pili ana iā Disperbyk.