ʻO ka plastic plastics e pili ana i nā thermoplastics hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea hana. Loaʻa i nā plastics ʻenekinia nā waiwai piha maikaʻi loa, rigidity kiʻekiʻe, kolo haʻahaʻa, ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, a me ka insulation uila maikaʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana no ka manawa lōʻihi i nā kemika paʻakikī a me nā kaiapuni kino a hiki ke hoʻololi i nā metala e like me nā mea hana ʻenehana. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā plastik ʻenekinia i nā plastic engineering maʻamau a me nā plastic engineering kūikawā. ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka mua he polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene ether (PPO) a me ka polyester (PBT). A me PET) ʻelima ʻenekinia plastik maʻamau; ʻO ka mea hope loa e pili ana i nā plastics ʻenekinia me ke kūpaʻa wela ma luna o 150Co, ʻo nā ʻano nui he polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), wai kristal High molecular polymer (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR). ), etc.
ʻAʻohe laina hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā plastics engineering a me nā plastics maʻamau. No ka laʻana, aia ka acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) ma waena o nā mea ʻelua. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kona mau māka kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mea hana ʻenekinia. ʻO ka papa he plastics maʻamau maʻamau (ma waho o ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ua helu ʻia ʻo ABS ma ke ʻano he plastic-purpose plastics). No kekahi laʻana, ʻo ka polypropylene (PP) he plastic maʻamau maʻamau, akā ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke aniani fiber a me nā hui ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia kona ikaika mechanical a me ke kūpaʻa wela, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolālā i nā kahua ʻenekinia. . No kekahi laʻana, ʻo ka polyethylene kekahi mea maʻamau maʻamau, akā ultra-kiʻekiʻe molecular kaumaha polyethylene me ka molecular kaumaha ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 miliona, ma muli o kāna mau waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa a me ka wela wela wela, hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā plastics engineering. i nā mīkini, ka lawe ʻana, nā lako kemika etc.
I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī, ka lapalapa ahi a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe o ka plastics, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi i kekahi mau ʻano o ka hana o ka substrate resin synthetic ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻenehana e like me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, ka hoʻopiha ʻana, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā resins ʻē aʻe ma ke kumu. o nā resins synthetic. ʻO ka uila, ka magnetism, ka māmā, ka wela, ke kū'ēʻana o kaʻelemakule, ka lapalapa ahi, nā mea mechanical a me nā mea'ē aʻe e hoʻokō i nā koi no ka hoʻohanaʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana kūikawā. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui no ka hui ʻana e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ke ahi, nā mea paʻakikī, nā stabilizers, etc., a i ʻole kekahi plastic a i ʻole fiber reinforced, etc.; hiki i ka substrate ke ʻelima mau plastik maʻamau, ʻelima mau plastik ʻenekinia maʻamau, a i ʻole ka plastik ʻenekinia kūikawā.
Nui nā ʻano plastics a hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou. Ma kahi o 90% o ka resin raw mea maʻamau he polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polystyrene PS a me ABS resin. Eia naʻe, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia plastic kona mau palena.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kūpaʻa nā kānaka i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea polymer hou. Ma waena o nā tausani o nā mea polymer hou i kūkulu ʻia, he kakaikahi nā mea noi nui. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke manaʻolana e hoʻomohala i nā mea hou. Nā mea polimer e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana. Eia nō naʻe, ua lilo ia i koho maʻamau e hoʻoponopono i nā plastics ma ka hoʻopiha ʻana, ka hui ʻana, a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā ala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kā lākou lapalapa ahi, ikaika, a me ka pale ʻana i ka hopena.
Loaʻa nā hemahema o nā plastic maʻamau e like me ka flammability, ka ʻelemakule, nā waiwai mechanical haʻahaʻa, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana, hiki i nā plastics maʻamau ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana, hoʻonui i ka hana, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ka upstream o ka plastic i hoʻololi ʻia ʻo ia ka resin ʻano mua, e hoʻohana ana i nā mea hoʻohui a i ʻole nā resins ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana o ka resin i hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi mau mea e like me ka mechanics, rheology, combustibility, uila, wela, māmā, a me ka magnetism e like me nā mea kōkua. , Hoʻoikaika, hoʻoikaika, hoʻohui, hoʻohui a me nā mea ʻenehana ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ai nā mea me ka ʻano like ʻole.
ʻElima mau mea palaki ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), a me ka polyvinyl chloride
ʻElima mau mea ʻenehana loea nui: polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA, ʻike ʻia ʻo nylon), polyester (PET/PBT), polyphenylene ether (PPO), Polyoxymethylene (POM)
ʻO nā plastics ʻenehana kūikawā: polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymer crystal liquid (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR), etc.
Ma nā ʻōlelo o nā noi i lalo, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā plastics i hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me nā mea pono home, nā kaʻa, a me nā mea uila.
Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 21, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana macro o koʻu ʻāina, ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ka mākeke o nā plastic i hoʻololi ʻia. Ua hoʻomau ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā plastic plastic i hoʻololi ʻia i koʻu ʻāina mai ka 720,000 tons i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2000 a i 7.89 miliona tons i ka makahiki 2013. ʻO ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui he kiʻekiʻe e like me 18.6%, a ʻo ka ʻoihana home a me nā ʻoihana kaʻa e helu i kahi ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe. o na palapala noi lalo.
I ʻAukake 2009, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻāina i nā kulekele o "nā mea hana hale i ke kua'āina" ma nā wahi kua'āina a "hoʻololi i ka mea kahiko no ka mea hou" ma nā kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka mākeke no nā mea hana hale e like me nā ea a me nā pahu hau i hoʻōla koke ʻia, e alakaʻi ana i ka ulu wikiwiki o ka noi no nā plastik i hoʻololi ʻia no nā mea pono home. Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā mea hana hale e hele ana i ka ʻāina, ua lohi ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana home o koʻu ʻāina, a ua lohi pū ka noi no nā plastic i hoʻololi ʻia. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa i lilo i kumu nui no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastics i hoʻololi ʻia.
I kēia manawa, ua lilo ʻo Kina i ʻāina nui i ka hana ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea hana hale, a ʻo ia ke kikowaena hana o nā mea hana hale honua. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā plastics i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana hale he thermoplastics, e helu ana ma kahi o 90%. ʻAneʻane pono e hoʻololi ʻia nā plastik a pau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hana hale. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā plastics i nā mea hana hale nui ma Kina: 60% no nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe vacuum, 38% no nā pahu hau, 34% no nā mīkini holoi, 23% no nā TV, a me 10% no nā ea.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā mea hana hale i ka ʻāina i Dekemaba 2007, a ua pau ka pūʻulu mua o nā panalāʻau a me nā kūlanakauhale i ka hopena o Nowemapa 2011, a ua pau pū nā panalāʻau a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki he 1-2. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano mea hana hale ʻehā e like me ka ea, nā kīwī kala, nā mīkini holoi a me nā pahu hau, ua kiʻekiʻe loa ka ulu ʻana o nā mea hana hale i ka wā i hele ai nā mea hana hale i ka ʻāina. Manaʻo ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana home ma kahi ulu ulu o 4-8%. ʻO ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka ʻāpana mea hana home e hāʻawi i ka noi mākeke paʻa no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka plastic.
ʻO ka ʻoihana kaʻa kahi kahua noi nui o nā plastic i hoʻololi ʻia ma kahi o ka ʻoihana mea hana home. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā plastic i hoʻololi ʻia i ka ʻoihana kaʻa no kahi kokoke i 60 mau makahiki. Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā kaʻa, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻemi i ke kaumaha, pili i ke kaiapuni, palekana, nani, a me ka ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ka lōʻihi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me 1kg o ka plastic hiki ke hoʻololi i ka 2-3kg o ke kila a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻemi nui i ke kaumaha o ke kino kaʻa. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina e hiki i ka hoʻemi ʻana o 10% i ke kaumaha o ke kaʻa ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie e 6-8%, a e hoʻemi nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kaʻa. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu ʻana. Me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, i nā makahiki i hala aʻe nei, ua ulu mālie ka noi ʻana o nā plastik i hoʻololi ʻia i nā kaʻa mai nā mea o loko a i nā ʻāpana o waho a me nā ʻāpana peripheral engine, ʻoiai ke noi ʻana o nā plastics i hoʻololi ʻia i nā kaʻa i nā ʻāina hoʻomohala Mai ka pae mua o ka non- ʻae ʻia, ua hoʻomohala mālie ʻo ia i 105 kilokani no kēlā me kēia kaʻa i 2000, a hiki i ka 150 kilokani ma 2010.
Ua ulu wikiwiki ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastic i hoʻololi ʻia no nā kaʻa i koʻu ʻāina. I kēia manawa, ʻo 110-120 kg ka awelika o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastik i hoʻololi ʻia i kēlā me kēia kaʻa, aia ma hope o ka 150-160 kg / kaʻa ma nā ʻāina kūkulu. Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻike kaiapuni o ka poʻe kūʻai aku a me nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka pauku, ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ke ʻano o nā kaʻa māmā, a e hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastic i hoʻololi ʻia no nā kaʻa. Eia kekahi, i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia nā kūʻai kaʻa o koʻu ʻāina i ka ulu wikiwiki a lilo i mākeke kaʻa nui loa ma ka honua ma 2009. ʻOiai ua emi mālie ka ulu ʻana o ke kūʻai ʻana o nā kaʻa i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua manaʻo ʻia e mālama ʻia. ulu mau i ka wā e hiki mai ana . Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastic plastics i hoʻololi ʻia no nā kaʻa a me ka ulu ʻana o ke kūʻai ʻana o nā kaʻa, e hoʻomau ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastik i hoʻololi ʻia no nā kaʻa i koʻu ʻāina. Ke manaʻo nei e hoʻohana kēlā me kēia kaʻa i 150kg o ka plastik, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka puka makahiki o nā kaʻa Kina i ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 miliona, ʻo ka mākeke he 3 miliona tons.
I ka manawa like, no ka mea he mau mea kūʻai aku nā kaʻa, e loaʻa kahi koi pani no nā kaʻa i loaʻa i ka wā o ke ola. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palaka i ka mākeke mālama ʻia e pili ana i ka 10% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka plastik i nā kaʻa hou, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke maoli.
Nui nā poʻe i komo i ka mākeke i ka ʻoihana plastics i hoʻololi ʻia, ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau kahua hoʻomoana, nā nunui chemical multinational a me nā hui kūloko. Loaʻa i nā mea hana honua ka ʻenehana alakaʻi a me ka hana huahana maikaʻi loa. Eia naʻe, hoʻokahi wale nō ka ʻano huahana a lohi ka wikiwiki o ka pane ʻana o ka mākeke. No laila, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka māhele mākeke o ka mākeke kaʻa o koʻu ʻāina. Ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻoihana plastik i hoʻololi ʻia, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi me ka mana hana o ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 3,000 tons, a he koi kiʻekiʻe ka ʻoihana kaʻa no ka kūpaʻa o ka huahana. He mea paʻakikī no nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi e hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, no laila paʻakikī ke hele i ka palapala hōʻoia o nā hui kaʻa. Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā hui kaʻa a hoʻokomo i kā lākou kaulahao lako, e lilo lākou i mau hoa lōʻihi no lākou, a e piʻi mālie ko lākou mana kūʻai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-30-2020