Engineering plastics feem ntau yog xa mus rau cov thermoplastics uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv. Engineering plastics muaj cov khoom zoo heev, muaj zog rigidity, tsis tshua muaj creep, siab mechanical zog, zoo tshav kub, thiab zoo hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev. Lawv tuaj yeem siv tau ntev hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg hnyav thiab lub cev ib puag ncig thiab tuaj yeem hloov cov hlau ua cov khoom siv engineering. Engineering plastics tuaj yeem muab faib ua engineering plastics thiab tshwj xeeb engineering plastics. Lub ntsiab ntau yam ntawm cov qub yog polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene ether (PPO) thiab polyester (PBT). Thiab PET) tsib yam khoom siv hluav taws xob dav dav; Cov yav tas feem ntau yog hais txog engineering yas nrog kub tsis kam siab tshaj 150Co, lub ntsiab ntau yam yog polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), kua Crystal High molecular polymer (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR). ), thiab lwm yam.
Tsis muaj kev faib tawm meej ntawm engineering plastics thiab cov khoom siv dav dav. Piv txwv li, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob. Nws cov qib siab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv engineering. Cov qib yog cov khoom siv dav dav dav dav (feem ntau hais lus txawv teb chaws, ABS yog cais raws li cov hom phiaj dav dav). Rau lwm qhov piv txwv, polypropylene (PP) yog cov khoom siv dav dav, tab sis tom qab cov iav fiber ntau ntxiv thiab lwm yam sib xyaw, nws cov khoom siv zog thiab cov cua sov ua haujlwm tau zoo heev, thiab nws kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv ntau yam engineering. . Rau lwm qhov piv txwv, polyethylene kuj yog cov khoom siv dav dav dav, tab sis ultra-siab molecular hnyav polyethylene nrog lub luj molecular ntau tshaj 1 lab, vim nws cov khoom zoo heev thiab kub kub distortion kub, tuaj yeem siv dav hauv engineering plastics. nyob rau hauv machinery, tsheb thauj mus los, Chemical khoom thiab lwm yam.
Txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog, tawv, nplaim hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov yas, feem ntau nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho qee yam ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws los ntawm kev sib xyaw xws li kev txhawb zog, txhaws, thiab ntxiv lwm cov resins ntawm lub hauv paus. ntawm hluavtaws resins. Hluav taws xob, hlau nplaum, lub teeb, tshav kub, kev laus tiv thaiv, nplaim taws retardancy, mechanical zog thiab lwm yam raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tej yam kev mob. Cov khoom siv ntxiv rau kev sib xyaw tuaj yeem yog nplaim hluav taws, tougheners, stabilizers, thiab lwm yam, los yog lwm yam yas los yog fiber ntau ntxiv, thiab lwm yam.; lub substrate tuaj yeem yog tsib cov yas dav dav, tsib lub tshuab engineering yas, lossis cov yas tshwj xeeb engineering.
Muaj ntau hom yas thiab lawv tau siv dav. Txog 90% ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom siv feem ntau yog polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polystyrene PS thiab ABS resin. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua lub yas muaj nws cov kev txwv.
Ob peb xyoos dhau los, tib neeg tau cog lus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv polymer tshiab. Ntawm ntau txhiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer uas tau tsim tshiab, ob peb muaj cov ntawv thov loj. Yog li ntawd, peb tsis tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav tsim cov tshiab. Cov khoom siv polymer los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv ntuj tsim los ntawm kev ua cov yas los ntawm kev sau, sib xyaw, thiab kev txhawb zog los txhim kho lawv cov nplaim taws, lub zog, thiab kev cuam tshuam.
Ordinary plastics muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li flammability, aging, low mechanical properties, and low operating temperature in industrial use and daily consumer. Los ntawm kev hloov kho, cov yas zoo tib yam tuaj yeem ua tiav kev ua tau zoo, kev ua haujlwm nce, thiab txo nqi. Cov dej ntws ntawm cov yas hloov pauv yog cov ntawv tseem ceeb, uas siv cov khoom siv ntxiv lossis lwm cov resins uas txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov resin hauv ib lossis ob peb yam xws li mechanics, rheology, combustibility, hluav taws xob, tshav kub, lub teeb, thiab cov hlau nplaum ua cov khoom siv. , Toughening, ntxiv dag zog, sib tov, alloying thiab lwm yam kev txhais tau tias kom tau cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov tsos zoo ib yam.
Tsib lub hom phiaj plastics ua cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), thiab polyvinyl chloride
Tsib cov yas engineering yas: polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA, tseem hu ua nylon), polyester (PET / PBT), polyphenylene ether (PPO), Polyoxymethylene (POM)
Tshwj xeeb engineering plastics: polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), kua siv lead ua polymer (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR), thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev siv downstream, hloov cov yas feem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam xws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev, tsheb, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam macro, kev lag luam muaj peev xwm ntawm kev hloov kho plastics tau nthuav dav ntxiv. Qhov pom tseeb ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hloov kho hauv kuv lub tebchaws tau nce ntxiv los ntawm 720,000 tons thaum ntxov 2000 txog 7.89 lab tons hauv 2013. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yog siab li 18.6%, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab tsheb lag luam suav nrog cov feem ntau. ntawm downstream apps.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2009, lub teb chaws tau tshaj tawm cov cai ntawm "cov khoom siv hauv tsev rau cov neeg nyob deb nroog" thiab "hloov qub rau tshiab" hauv nroog. Kev ua lag luam rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev xws li cov tshuab cua txias thiab cov tub yees tau rov qab sai sai, ua rau muaj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev thov rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Tom qab tau ntsib kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev mus rau cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam khoom siv hauv tsev tau qeeb, thiab qhov kev thov rau cov yas hloov kho kuj tau qeeb. Kev loj hlob hauv kev lag luam automotive tau dhau los ua qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev nce hauv kev siv cov khoom siv hloov kho.
Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua lub teb chaws loj hauv kev tsim khoom thiab siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab nws yog qhov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev thoob ntiaj teb. Feem ntau ntawm cov yas siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog cov thermoplastics, suav txog li 90%. Yuav luag tag nrho cov yas siv hauv tsev yuav tsum tau hloov kho. Tam sim no, kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev loj hauv Suav teb yog: 60% rau lub tshuab nqus tsev, 38% rau cov tub yees, 34% rau cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, 23% rau TV, thiab 10% rau cov cua txias.
Cov khoom siv hauv tsev mus rau cov neeg nyob deb nroog tau pib thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2007, thiab thawj pawg tsav tsheb hauv xeev thiab nroog tau xaus rau thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2011, thiab lwm lub xeev thiab nroog kuj tau xaus rau hauv 1-2 xyoo tom ntej. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm plaub yam khoom siv hauv tsev xws li cua txias, TV xim, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab tub yees, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev tau nce siab heev thaum lub sij hawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev mus rau lub teb chaws. Kev loj hlob yav tom ntej ntawm kev lag luam khoom siv hauv tsev yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm 4-8%. Kev txhim kho tsis tu ncua ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev muab kev lag luam ruaj khov rau kev hloov kho yas.
Kev lag luam tsheb yog ib daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov kho plastics ntxiv rau kev lag luam khoom siv hauv tsev. Hloov kho plastics tau siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb rau ze li ntawm 60 xyoo. Siv hauv tsheb, lawv tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav, ua kom zoo ib puag ncig, nyab xeeb, zoo nkauj, thiab xis nyob. Kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev ua haujlwm ntev, thiab lwm yam, thiab 1kg ntawm yas tuaj yeem hloov 2-3kg steel thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev tsheb. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias 10% txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb tuaj yeem txo cov roj noj los ntawm 6-8%, thiab txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob thiab tsheb tso pa tawm. Ntxiv zog siv zog thiab tso pa tawm cov qauv. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej, kev siv cov yas hloov kho hauv tsheb tau maj mam tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv mus rau sab nrauv thiab lub cav peripheral qhov chaw, thaum daim ntawv thov ntawm cov yas hloov kho hauv tsheb hauv cov teb chaws tsim los ntawm thawj theem ntawm cov tsis- kev lees paub, nws tau maj mam nce mus rau 105 kilograms ib lub tsheb hauv xyoo 2000, thiab mus txog ntau dua 150 kilograms hauv xyoo 2010.
Kev siv cov yas hloov kho rau tsheb hauv kuv lub tebchaws tau loj hlob sai. Tam sim no, qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev siv cov yas hloov kho rau ib lub tsheb hauv kuv lub teb chaws yog 110-120 kg, uas nyob deb ntawm 150-160 kg / lub tsheb hauv lub tebchaws tsim. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kev paub txog ib puag ncig thiab cov qauv siv hluav taws xob nruj, cov qauv ntawm cov tsheb sib zog ua kom pom tseeb dua, thiab kev siv cov yas hloov kho rau cov tsheb yuav nce ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, kuv lub teb chaws lub tsheb muag khoom tau ntsib ib puag ncig ntawm kev loj hlob sai thiab dhau los ua lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam tsheb loj tshaj plaws hauv xyoo 2009. Txawm hais tias kev loj hlob ntawm kev muag tsheb tau maj mam qeeb hauv xyoo tom ntej, nws yuav tsum tswj hwm. kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua yav tom ntej. Nrog rau kev nce hauv kev noj cov khoom siv hloov kho rau tsheb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev muag tsheb, kev siv cov khoom siv hloov kho rau tsheb hauv kuv lub teb chaws yuav loj hlob sai. Piv txwv tias txhua lub tsheb siv 150kg yas, txiav txim siab tias txhua xyoo cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm Suav tsheb ntau tshaj 20 lab, qhov chaw ua lag luam yog 3 lab tons.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias tsheb yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov, yuav muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv rau cov tsheb uas twb muaj lawm thaum lub sijhawm lub neej. Nws kwv yees tias kev siv cov yas hauv kev lag luam tu yuav suav txog li 10% ntawm cov khoom siv yas hauv cov tsheb tshiab, thiab qhov chaw ua lag luam tiag tiag loj dua.
Muaj ntau tus neeg koom nrog kev lag luam hauv kev hloov kho plastics, uas feem ntau muab faib ua ob lub chaw pw hav zoov, ntau lub teb chaws tshuaj loj loj thiab cov tuam txhab hauv zos. Cov tuam txhab lag luam thoob ntiaj teb muaj cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv ntau yam yog ib leeg thiab kev lag luam teb ceev qeeb. Yog li ntawd, kev lag luam feem ntawm kuv lub teb chaws lub tsheb lag luam tsis siab. Cov tuam txhab hloov kho hauv zos tau sib xyaw ua ke, feem ntau cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab uas muaj peev xwm tsim tau tsawg dua 3,000 tons, thiab kev lag luam tsheb muaj cov kev xav tau siab rau cov khoom lag luam zoo. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom zoo, yog li nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev hla cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov tuam txhab tsheb. Tom qab cov tuam txhab hloov kho plastics loj dhau qhov kev lees paub ntawm cov tuam txhab tsheb thiab nkag mus rau lawv cov saw hlau, lawv feem ntau yuav dhau los ua lawv cov neeg koom tes ntev, thiab lawv lub zog sib cog lus yuav maj mam nce.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-30-2020