In nkhani yapitayi, tinayambitsa kutuluka kwa dispersants, njira zina ndi ntchito za dispersants. M'ndime iyi, tiwona mitundu ya obalalitsa mu nthawi zosiyanasiyana ndi mbiri ya chitukuko cha dispersants.
Traditional otsika maselo kulemera kunyowetsa ndi dispersing wothandizira
Wofalitsa woyambirira kwambiri anali mchere wa triethanolamine wamafuta acid, womwe unayambika pamsika pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo. Dispersant iyi ndiyothandiza kwambiri komanso ndiyopanda ndalama zambiri pama penti amakampani ambiri. Sizingatheke kuzigwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ntchito yake yoyamba mu dongosolo la mafuta alkyd siloipa.
M'zaka za m'ma 1940 mpaka 1970, inki yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokutira inali inorganic pigments ndi ma organic pigments omwe anali osavuta kumwazikana. Dispersants pa nthawi imeneyi anali zinthu zofanana ndi surfactants, ndi pigment nangula gulu mbali imodzi ndi utomoni n'zogwirizana ndi gawo kumapeto ena. Mamolekyu ambiri anali ndi nsonga ya pigment imodzi yokha.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro, iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
(1) zotuluka m’mafuta a asidi, kuphatikizapo mafuta a asidi a amide, amchere a asidi a amide, ndi ma polyeters a asidi a mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta acids osinthidwa okhala ndi midadada opangidwa ndi BYK mu 1920-1930, omwe amathiridwa mchere ndi ma amines aatali kuti apeze Anti-Terra U. Palinso BYK's P104 / 104S yokhala ndi magulu omaliza ogwirira ntchito motengera momwe DA imachitira. BESM® 9116 kuchokera ku Shierli ndi dispersant deflocculating komanso dispersant muyezo mu makampani putty. Ili ndi kunyowa kwabwino, anti-kukhazikitsa katundu ndi kusunga bata. Itha kusinthanso zinthu zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzoyambira za anti-corrosion. BESM® 9104/9104S ndiwodziwikiratu kuti flocculation dispersant ndi magulu angapo nangula. Ikhoza kupanga maukonde pamene omwazikana, amene amathandiza kwambiri kulamulira pigment sedimentation ndi zoyandama mtundu. Popeza mafuta acid otumphukira dispersant zopangira sadaliranso petrochemical zopangira, iwo ndi zongowonjezwdwa.
(2) Organic phosphoric asidi ester ma polima. Mtundu woterewu wa dispersant uli ndi kuthekera kokhazikika kwamitundu yonse. Mwachitsanzo, BYK 110/180/111 ndi BESM® 9110/9108/9101 ochokera ku Shierli ndi zofalitsa zabwino kwambiri zobalalitsira titanium dioxide ndi inorganic pigments, zochepetsera kukhuthala kwapadera, kakulidwe kamitundu ndi kusungirako. Kuphatikiza apo, BYK 103 ndi BESM® 9103 ochokera ku Shierli onse amawonetsa zabwino zochepetsera kukhuthala komanso kukhazikika kosungirako pomwaza ma slurries a matte.
(3) Non-ionic aliphatic polyeters ndi alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers. Kulemera kwa mamolekyulu amtundu uwu wa dispersant nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosakwana 2000 g/mol, ndipo kumayang'ana kwambiri pakubalalika kwa inorganic pigments ndi fillers. Iwo angathandize kunyowetsa inki pa akupera, mogwira adsorb padziko inorganic inki ndi kupewa stratification ndi mpweya wa inki, ndipo akhoza kulamulira flocculation ndi kupewa mitundu yoyandama. Komabe, chifukwa cha kulemera kwa maselo ang'onoang'ono, sangathe kupereka cholepheretsa chogwira bwino cha steric, komanso sangathe kusintha gloss ndi kusiyanitsa kwa filimu ya utoto. Magulu a ionic anchoring sangathe kukopeka pamwamba pa ma organic pigments.
High molecular weight dispersants
Mu 1970, organic pigment anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka. Mitundu ya ICI ya phthalocyanine pigments, DuPont's quinacridone pigments, CIBA azo condensation pigments, Clariant's benzimidazolone pigments, ndi zina zotero zonse zidapangidwa ndi mafakitale ndipo zidalowa mumsika m'ma 1970. Zopangira zonyowetsa ndi zobalalitsa zoyambirira za mamolekyu otsika sanathenso kukhazikitsira utoto umenewu, ndipo zida zatsopano zoulutsira kulemera kwa ma molekyulu zinayamba kupangidwa.
Mtundu woterewu wa dispersant uli ndi molekyulu yolemera 5000-25000 g/mol, yokhala ndi magulu ambiri okhala ndi pigment pa molekyulu. Unyolo waukulu wa polima umapereka kuyanjana kwakukulu, ndipo unyolo wam'mbali wosungunuka umapereka chotchinga chotchinga, kuti tinthu tating'ono ta pigment tizikhala mokhazikika komanso mokhazikika. High molecular weight dispersants akhoza kukhazikika inki zosiyanasiyana ndi kuthetsa kwathunthu mavuto monga kuyandama mtundu ndi kuyandama, makamaka inki organic ndi mpweya wakuda ndi yaing'ono tinthu kukula ndi zosavuta flocculation. High molecular weight dispersants onse deflocculating dispersants ndi angapo pigment anangula magulu pa unyolo maselo, amene angathe kwambiri kuchepetsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mtundu phala, kusintha pigment tinting mphamvu, utoto gloss ndi vividness, ndi kusintha mandala inki. M'makina otengera madzi, ma dispersants olemera kwambiri a maselo amakhala ndi kukana kwamadzi komanso kukana kwa saponification. Zoonadi, dispersants high molecular weight dispersants angakhalenso ndi zotsatira zina, zomwe makamaka zimachokera ku mtengo wa amine wa dispersant. Mtengo wapamwamba wa amine udzatsogolera kuwonjezereka kwa kukhuthala kwa machitidwe a epoxy panthawi yosungira; kuchepetsa nthawi yotsegula ya zigawo ziwiri za polyurethanes (pogwiritsa ntchito ma isocyanates onunkhira); kuchepetsa reactivity ya asidi-kuchiritsa machitidwe; ndi kufooketsa chothandizira cha cobalt catalysts mu air-drying alkyds.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mtundu uwu wa dispersant umagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
(1) Ma molekyulu olemera kwambiri a polyurethane dispersants, omwe amakhala ngati ma dispersants a polyurethane. Mwachitsanzo, BYK 160/161/163/164, BESM® 9160/9161/9163/9164, EFKA 4060/4061/4063, ndi m'badwo waposachedwa wa polyurethane dispersants BYK 2155 ndi BESM® 9248 omvera ambiri. Ili ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa kukhuthala kwabwino komanso kukula kwamitundu yamitundu yakuda ndi kaboni wakuda, ndipo idakhala gawo lodziwikiratu lamitundu yamitundu. M'badwo waposachedwa wa polyurethane dispersants wasintha kwambiri kuchepetsa kukhuthala komanso kukulitsa mitundu. BYK 170 ndi BESM® 9107 ndizoyenera kwambiri pamakina a acid-catalyzed. Dispersant ilibe phindu la amine, lomwe limachepetsa chiopsezo cha agglomeration panthawi yosungiramo utoto ndipo sichimakhudza kuyanika kwa utoto.
(2) Ma polyacrylate dispersants. Ma dispersants awa, monga BYK 190 ndi BESM® 9003, asanduka ma dispersants odziwika bwino a zokutira zotengera madzi.
(3) Hyperbranched polima dispersants. Ma dispersants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma hyperbranched dispersants ndi Lubrizol 24000 ndi BESM® 9240, omwe ndi ma amides + imides otengera ma polyesters autali. Zogulitsa ziwirizi ndizinthu zovomerezeka zomwe makamaka zimadalira msana wa polyester kuti ukhazikike inki. Kukhoza kwawo kuthana ndi mpweya wakuda akadali wabwino kwambiri. Komabe, poliyesitala idzanyezimira pa kutentha kochepa komanso imalowanso mu utoto womalizidwa. Vutoli likutanthauza kuti 24000 ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu inki. Kupatula apo, imatha kuwonetsa kukula kwamtundu wabwino komanso kukhazikika pakagwiritsidwa ntchito kufalitsa mpweya wakuda mumakampani a inki. Pofuna kukonza magwiridwe antchito a crystallization, Lubrizol 32500 ndi BESM® 9245 adawonekera motsatira. Poyerekeza ndi magulu awiri oyamba, ma hyperbranched polymer dispersants ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira a ma cell komanso magulu ogwirizana kwambiri a pigment, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba amtundu komanso magwiridwe antchito amphamvu ochepetsa kukhuthala. Kugwirizana kwa ma dispersants a polyurethane kumatha kusinthidwa mosiyanasiyana, makamaka kuphimba ma resins onse a alkyd kuchokera kumafuta ataliatali kupita kumafuta amfupi, ma resins onse odzaza poliyesitala, ndi ma hydroxyl acrylic resins, ndipo amatha kukhazikika kaboni wakuda ndi utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Popeza pakadali magiredi ambiri osiyanasiyana pakati pa 6000-15000 zolemera zamamolekyulu, makasitomala amayenera kuyang'ana kuti agwirizane komanso kuchuluka kwake.
Controllable free radical polymerization dispersants
Pambuyo pa 1990, kufunikira kwa msika wa kubalalitsidwa kwa pigment kudakulitsidwanso ndipo panali zopambana muukadaulo wa polima kaphatikizidwe, ndipo m'badwo waposachedwa wa owongolera ma free radical polymerization dispersants adapangidwa.
Controllable free radical polymerization (CFRP) ali ndi dongosolo ndendende cholinga, ndi nangula gulu pa mapeto a polima ndi gawo solvated pa mapeto ena. CFRP imagwiritsa ntchito ma monomers omwewo monga ma polymerization wamba, koma chifukwa ma monomers amakonzedwa pafupipafupi pamagulu a maselo ndi kugawa kwa maselo ndi yunifolomu, ntchito ya dispersant yopangidwa ndi polima imakhala ndi kudumpha bwino. Gulu la nangula logwira ntchito bwinoli limathandizira kwambiri luso la anti-flocculation la dispersant komanso kukula kwa mtundu wa pigment. Gawo lokhazikika lomwe limasungunuka limapatsa dispersant mawonekedwe otsika amtundu wogaya komanso kuwonjezera kwa pigment yayikulu, ndipo dispersant imagwirizana kwambiri ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zoyambira utomoni.
Kukula kwa ma dispersants amakono opaka utoto ali ndi mbiri yosakwana zaka 100. Pali mitundu yambiri ya dispersants zosiyanasiyana pigment ndi machitidwe pa msika. Gwero lalikulu la zopangira za dispersant akadali zida za petrochemical. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zopangira zongowonjezwdwanso mu dispersants ndi njira yolimbikitsa kwambiri yachitukuko. Kuchokera ku chitukuko cha dispersants, dispersants akukhala bwino kwambiri. Kaya ndikuchepetsa kukhuthala kapena kukulitsa mtundu ndi luso lina likuyenda bwino nthawi imodzi, izi zipitilira mtsogolo.
Nanjing Reborn New Materials amaperekachonyowetsa dispersant wothandizila utoto ndi ❖ kuyanika, kuphatikiza zina zomwe zimagwirizana ndi Disperbyk.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-25-2025