In ingingo iheruka, twatangije kuvuka kw'abatatanye, uburyo bumwe n'imikorere yabatatanye. Muri iki gice, tuzasesengura ubwoko bwabatatanye mubihe bitandukanye hamwe namateka yiterambere ryabatatanye.

Gakondo ntoya ya molekile yuburemere no gukwirakwiza
Ikwirakwizwa rya mbere ni umunyu wa triethanolamine ya aside irike, yatangijwe ku isoko hashize imyaka 100. Ikwirakwiza ni byiza cyane kandi byubukungu mubikorwa rusange byo gusiga amarangi. Ntibishoboka kuyikoresha, kandi imikorere yayo yambere muri sisitemu yo hagati ya alkyd sisitemu ntabwo ari mbi.

Mu myaka ya za 1940 kugeza mu myaka ya za 70, pigment yakoreshejwe mu nganda zo gutwikisha yari pigment organic organique na pigment zimwe na zimwe zoroshye kororoka. Gutandukana muri iki gihe byari ibintu bisa na surfactants, hamwe nitsinda ryitwa pigment inanga kuruhande rumwe hamwe na resin ihuza igice kurundi ruhande. Molekile nyinshi zari zifite ingingo imwe gusa.

Duhereye ku miterere, barashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu:

. Kurugero, acide ya fati yahinduwe hamwe na blok yakozwe na BYK mumwaka wa 1920-1930, yashizwemo umunyu hamwe na amine maremare kugirango ubone Anti-Terra U. Hariho na P104 / 104S ya BYK hamwe nitsinda ryinshi ryanyuma rishingiye kubisubizo bya DA byongeye. BESM® 9116 yo muri Shierli niyitandukanya kandi ikwirakwiza bisanzwe mubikorwa byinganda. Ifite amazi meza, kurwanya-gutuza no kubika neza. Irashobora kandi kunoza imitekerereze irwanya ruswa kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri anti-ruswa. BESM® 9104 / 9104S nayo isanzwe igenzurwa na flocculation ikwirakwiza hamwe nitsinda ryinshi. Irashobora gukora imiyoboro y'urusobekerane iyo itatanye, ifasha cyane mukugenzura imyanda yibara hamwe nibara rireremba. Kubera ko ibinure biva mu mavuta bikwirakwiza ibikoresho fatizo bitagikomoka ku bikoresho fatizo bya peteroli, birashobora kongerwa.

(2) Organic fosifori aside ester polymers. Ubu bwoko bwo gutatanya bufite ubushobozi bwo guhuza isi yose kuri pigment organic organique. Kurugero, BYK 110/180/111 na BESM® 9110/9108/9101 yo muri Shierli ni ikwirakwizwa ryiza ryo gukwirakwiza dioxyde ya titanium na pigment organic organique, hamwe no kugabanya ububobere buke, iterambere ryamabara nibikorwa byububiko. Mubyongeyeho, BYK 103 na BESM® 9103 yo muri Shierli byombi byerekana ibyiza byo kugabanya ubukonje no kubika neza iyo bikwirakwije materi.

(3) Non-ionic aliphatic polyethers na alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers. Uburemere bwa molekuline bwubu bwoko bwo gutatanya muri rusange buri munsi ya 2000 g / mol, kandi bwibanda cyane ku gukwirakwiza pigment organic organique hamwe nuwuzuza. Zishobora gufasha gutobora pigment mugihe cyo gusya, adsorb neza hejuru yimiterere ya organic organique kandi ikarinda gutondeka no kugwa kwimiterere yibibara, kandi irashobora kugenzura flokculasiya no kwirinda amabara areremba. Ariko, kubera uburemere buke bwa molekuline, ntibishobora gutanga inzitizi zifatika, kandi ntizishobora kunoza ububengerane nubudasa bwa firime irangi. Amatsinda ya anorike ya Ionic ntashobora gutondekwa hejuru yibintu kama.

Ikwirakwizwa ryinshi rya molekile
Mu 1970, ibimera kama byatangiye gukoreshwa kubwinshi. Ibara rya phthalocyanine ya ICI, pigment ya Quinacridone ya DuPont, pigment ya azo condensation ya CIBA, pigment ya benzimidazolone ya Clariant, nibindi byose byakozwe mu nganda kandi byinjira ku isoko mu myaka ya za 70. Uburemere bwambere bwa molekuline ntoya yohanagura no gukwirakwiza ibintu ntibishobora kongera guhagarika izo pigment, kandi nogukwirakwiza ibiro bishya bya molekile ndende byatangiye gutezwa imbere.

Ubu bwoko bwo gukwirakwiza bufite uburemere bwa 5000-25000 g / mol, hamwe numubare munini wamatsinda ya pigment kuri molekile. Urunigi nyamukuru rwa polymer rutanga ubwuzuzanye bwagutse, kandi urunigi rukemuwe rutanga imbogamizi zidasanzwe, kuburyo ibice bya pigment biri muburyo butemewe kandi butajegajega. Ikwirakwizwa ryinshi rya molekuline irashobora guhagarika pigment zitandukanye kandi igakemura burundu ibibazo nkamabara areremba no kureremba, cyane cyane kuri pigment organic organic na carbone umukara hamwe nuduce duto duto kandi byoroshye. Ikwirakwizwa ryinshi rya molekuline zose ni dislocclating dispersants hamwe nitsinda ryinshi ryimigozi ya pigment kumurongo wa molekile, irashobora kugabanya cyane ububobere bwa paste yamabara, kunoza imbaraga zo gusiga amabara, kurangi kurangi no kugaragara neza, no kunoza umucyo wibintu bibonerana. Muri sisitemu ishingiye ku mazi, ikwirakwiza ibiro byinshi bya molekile bifite imbaraga nziza zo kurwanya amazi no kurwanya saponification. Birumvikana ko gukwirakwiza uburemere buke bwa molekuline bishobora no kugira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe, zikomoka ahanini ku gaciro ka amine yo gutatanya. Agaciro ka amine kazaganisha ku kwiyongera kwa sisitemu ya epoxy mugihe cyo kubika; kugabanya igihe cyo gukora cyibice bibiri bigize polyurethanes (ukoresheje isocyanates ya aromatic); kugabanya reaction ya sisitemu yo gukiza aside; n'ingaruka za catalitiki ya catalizaires ya cobalt muri alkyds yumisha ikirere.

Urebye imiterere yimiti, ubu bwoko bwo gutatanya bugabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu:

. Kurugero, BYK 160/161/163/164, BESM® 9160/9161/9163/9164, EFKA 4060/4061/4063, hamwe nibisekuru biheruka gukwirakwiza polyurethane BYK 2155 na BESM® 9248. Ubu bwoko bwo gutatanya bwagaragaye hakiri kare kandi bufite abantu benshi. Ifite igabanuka ryiza ryimyororokere hamwe niterambere ryamabara kubintu bya pigment organic na karubone yumukara, kandi bimaze kuba ibisanzwe bikwirakwiza pigment organic. Igisekuru giheruka cyo gukwirakwiza polyurethane cyateje imbere cyane kugabanuka kwijimye ndetse niterambere ryamabara. BYK 170 na BESM® 9107 birakwiriye cyane kuri sisitemu ya catisile. Ikwirakwiza nta gaciro ka amine, bigabanya ibyago byo guhunika mugihe cyo kubika amarangi kandi ntibigire ingaruka kumisha irangi.

(2) Ikwirakwizwa rya polyacrylate. Aba batatanye, nka BYK 190 na BESM® 9003, babaye abantu bose bakwirakwiza amazi ashingiye ku mazi.

(3) Ikwirakwizwa rya polymer. Ikoreshwa cyane rya hyperbranched dispersants ni Lubrizol 24000 na BESM® 9240, ari amide + imide ishingiye kumurongo muremure. Ibicuruzwa byombi nibicuruzwa byemewe bishingiye cyane cyane kumugongo wa polyester kugirango uhagarike pigment. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo gufata umukara wa karubone buracyari bwiza. Nyamara, polyester izajya itondekanya ubushyuhe buke kandi izagwa no kurangi irangi. Iki kibazo bivuze ko 24000 ishobora gukoreshwa gusa muri wino. Nyuma ya byose, irashobora kwerekana amabara meza cyane kandi itajegajega mugihe ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza umukara wa karubone muruganda rwa wino. Kugirango tunoze imikorere ya kristu, Lubrizol 32500 na BESM® 9245 bagaragaye umwe umwe. Ugereranije n'ibyiciro bibiri byambere, disipanseri ya hyperbranched polymer ifite imiterere ya molekulike ya sphericale hamwe na pigment yibibumbano byibanda cyane, mubisanzwe hamwe nibara ryiza ryibara ryiza kandi bigabanya imbaraga zo kugabanya ubukana. Ubwuzuzanye bwa polyurethane ikwirakwizwa burashobora guhindurwa muburyo butandukanye, cyane cyane butwikiriye ibisigazwa byose bya alkyd kuva mumavuta maremare kugeza kuri peteroli ngufi, ibisigazwa byose bya polyester byuzuye, hamwe na hydroxyl acrylic resin, kandi birashobora guhagarika umwirabura wa karubone hamwe n’ibara ry’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Kubera ko hakiri umubare munini wamanota atandukanye hagati ya 6000-15000 uburemere bwa molekile, abakiriya bakeneye kwerekana kugirango bahuze kandi bongereho amafaranga.

Igenzurwa kubusa radical polymerisation ikwirakwiza
Nyuma ya 1990, isoko ryogukwirakwiza pigment ryarushijeho kunozwa kandi haribintu byagezweho muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya polymer, kandi hashyizweho igisekuru giheruka cyo gukwirakwiza radical polymerisation yubusa.

Igenzurwa nubusa radical polymerisation (CFRP) ifite imiterere yatunganijwe neza, hamwe nitsinda ritsindagira kumutwe umwe wa polymer hamwe nigice cyakemutse kurundi ruhande. CFRP ikoresha monomers imwe na polymerisation isanzwe, ariko kubera ko monomers itunganijwe buri gihe kubice bya molekile kandi gukwirakwiza uburemere bwa molekile birasa cyane, imikorere ya sintezime ya polymer ikwirakwiza ifite gusimbuka neza. Iri tsinda rikora neza rinonosora cyane ubushobozi bwo kurwanya flocculation ubushobozi bwo gutatanya no gukura kwamabara ya pigment. Igice gikemuwe neza giha ikwirakwiza ibara ryo hasi ryibara risya ryijimye kandi ryongeweho pigment nyinshi, kandi ikwirakwiza rifite ubwuzuzanye bwagutse hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye bya resin.

Iterambere ryimyenda igezweho ifite amateka atarengeje imyaka 100. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwo gutatanya kubintu bitandukanye na sisitemu ku isoko. Inkomoko nyamukuru yo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho fatizo biracyari ibikoresho bya peteroli. Kongera igipimo cyibikoresho fatizo bishobora kuvugururwa mubitatanya nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyiza cyane. Kuva mubikorwa byiterambere byabatatanye, abatatanye bagenda barushaho gukora neza. Yaba ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ububobere cyangwa iterambere ryamabara nubundi bushobozi burimo gutera imbere icyarimwe, iki gikorwa kizakomeza mugihe kizaza.

Nanjing Yavutse Ibikoresho bishya bitangaguhanagura ibintu bitandukanya amarangi no gutwikira, harimo bimwe bihuye na Disperbyk.