Injiniya mapurasitiki anonyanya kutaura nezve thermoplastics inogona kushandiswa sezvimiro zvinhu. Mapurasitiki einjiniya ane hunyanzvi hwakazara, kusimba kwepamusoro, kudzika kwakadzika, kusimba kwemechanicha, kunaka kwekupisa, uye kunaka kwemagetsi ekudzivirira. Iwo anogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba munzvimbo dzakaomarara dzemakemikari uye emuviri uye anogona kutsiva simbi sezvivakwa zveinjiniya. Injiniya mapurasitiki anogona kukamurwa kuita general engineering mapurasitiki uye akakosha einjiniya mapurasitiki. Mhando huru dzekare dzinoti polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene ether (PPO) uye polyester (PBT). Uye PET) mapurasitiki mashanu einjiniya; iyo yekupedzisira kazhinji inoreva mapurasitiki einjiniya ane kupisa kupisa pamusoro pe150Co, iwo makuru marudzi polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), liquid crystal High molecular polymer (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR ), nezvimwewo.
Iko hakuna mutsara wakajeka wekupatsanura pakati peinjiniya mapurasitiki uye zvakajairika-chinangwa mapurasitiki. Semuenzaniso, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) inorara pakati pezviviri. Iwo magiredhi epamberi anogona kushandiswa seinjiniya zvimiro zvezvinhu. Iyo giredhi ndeye yakajairwa-chinangwa mapurasitiki (kunze kwenyika kazhinji kutaura, ABS inorondedzerwa seyakajairwa-chinangwa mapurasitiki). Kune mumwe muenzaniso, polypropylene (PP) ipurasitiki yakajairwa-chinangwa, asi mushure mekusimbisa girazi fiber uye kumwe kusanganiswa, simba rayo remuchina uye kudzivirira kupisa kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa sechinhu chechimiro muminda yakawanda yeinjiniya. . Kune mumwe muenzaniso, polyethylene zvakare yakajairika-chinangwa chepurasitiki, asi yekupedzisira-yakakwira molecular uremu polyethylene ine huremu hwemamorekuru hunodarika miriyoni, nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu uye kupisa kwakanyanya kwekukanganisa, inogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya seinjiniya mapurasitiki. mumichina, chekufambisa, Chemical midziyo nezvimwe.
Kuti uvandudze simba, kuomarara, kudzoreredza kwemoto uye zvimwe zvinhu zvepurasitiki, zvinowanzodikanwa kuvandudza mamwe maficha ekuita kweiyo synthetic resin substrate kuburikidza nekusanganisa maitiro sekusimbisa, kuzadza, uye kuwedzera mamwe maresheni pahwaro. ye synthetic resins. Magetsi, magineti, mwenje, kupisa, kuramba kuchembera, kudzoreredza moto, zvivakwa zvemuchina uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa pasi pemamiriro akakosha. Zviwedzere zvekubatanidza zvinogona kuva zvinodzosa moto, zvinosimbisa, zvinosimbisa, nezvimwewo, kana imwe plastiki kana yakasimbiswa fiber, nezvimwewo; iyo substrate inogona kuva mapurasitiki mashanu akajairwa, mashanu general engineering mapurasitiki, kana akakosha einjiniya epurasitiki.
Kune marudzi akawanda emapurasitiki uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Inenge 90% yezvinhu zvinowanzo shandiswa resin mbishi ndeye polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polystyrene PS uye ABS resin. Zvisinei, plastiki imwe neimwe ine zvayo.
Mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, vanhu vanga vakazvipira mukuvandudza kwezvinhu zvitsva zvepolymer. Pakati pezviuru zvezvichangobva kugadzirwa zvepolymer, vashoma vane hukuru-hukuru hwekushandisa. Nokudaro, hatigoni kutarisira kukudziridza zvitsva. Polymer zvinhu zvekuvandudza mashandiro. Nekudaro, yave sarudzo yechisikigo kugadzirisa mapurasitiki nekuzadza, kusanganisa, uye kusimbisa nzira dzekusimudzira kunonoka kwavo kwemurazvo, simba, uye kuramba.
Mapurasitiki akajairwa ane zvikanganiso zvakadai sekupisa, kuchembera, kuderera kwemagetsi zvivakwa, uye yakaderera tembiricha yekushandisa mukushandiswa kwemaindasitiri uye kushandiswa kwemazuva ese. Kuburikidza nekugadzirisa, mapurasitiki akajairwa anogona kuwana kusimudzira kwekuita, kuwedzera basa, uye kuderedzwa kwemutengo. Kumusoro kwepurasitiki yakagadziridzwa ndiyo yekutanga fomu resin, iyo inoshandisa zvinowedzera kana mamwe maresheni anovandudza mashandiro eresin mune chimwe kana akati wandei maficha senge mechanics, rheology, combustibility, magetsi, kupisa, mwenje, uye magineti sezvinhu zvekubatsira. , Toughening, kusimbisa, kusanganisa, alloying uye dzimwe nzira dzounyanzvi dzokuwana zvinhu zvine chitarisiko chakafanana.
Mapurasitiki mashanu-chinangwa sezvinhu zvekutanga: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), uye polyvinyl chloride.
Mapurasitiki mashanu einjiniya: polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA, inozivikanwawo senaironi), polyester (PET/PBT), polyphenylene ether (PPO), Polyoxymethylene (POM)
Special engineering mapurasitiki: polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR), nezvimwewo.
Panyaya yekushandiswa kwakadzika, mapurasitiki akagadziridzwa anonyanya kushandiswa mumaindasitiri akadai semidziyo yemumba, mota, uye midziyo yemagetsi.
Kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore re21, nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwenyika yangu, huwandu hwemusika hwemapurasitiki akagadziridzwa hwakawedzera kuwedzera. Kushandiswa kuri pachena kwemapurasitiki akagadziridzwa munyika yangu kuri kuramba kuchikwira kubva pa720,000 matani mukutanga kwa2000 kusvika ku7.89 miriyoni matani muna 2013. Kukura kwekomboni kunosvika 18.6%, uye maindasitiri emidziyo yemumba nemaindasitiri emotokari anotora chikamu chakati wandei. yezvikumbiro zvezasi.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2009, nyika yakatanga mitemo ye“midziyo yemumba kumaruwa” kumaruwa uye “kutsiva chekare kune chitsva” mumaguta. Musika wemidziyo yemumba senge maairconditioner nemafiriji zvakakurumidza kupora, zvichifambisa kukurumidza kukura kwekudiwa kwemapurasitiki akagadziridzwa emidziyo yemumba. Mushure mekuona kukurumidza kukura kwemidziyo yemumba inoenda kumaruwa, kukura kweindasitiri yemidziyo yepamba yemunyika yangu kwadzikira, uye kudiwa kwemapurasitiki akagadziridzwa kwadzikirawo. Kukura kwechikamu chemotokari chave chikonzero chikuru chekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemapurasitiki akagadziridzwa.
Parizvino, China yave nyika hombe mukugadzira nekushandiswa kwemidziyo yemumba, uye ndiyo nzvimbo yekugadzira midziyo yemumba yepasi rose. Mazhinji epurasitiki anoshandiswa mukugadzira midziyo yemumba ndeye thermoplastics, inoverengera 90%. Anenge ese mapurasitiki anoshandiswa mumidziyo yemumba anoda kugadziridzwa. Parizvino, chikamu chepurasitiki mumidziyo mikuru yemumba muChina ndeichi: 60% yevacuum cleaners, 38% yemafiriji, 34% yemichina yekuwachisa, 23% yeTV, uye 10% yemaair conditioner.
Midziyo yemumba kumaruwa yakatanga muna Zvita 2007, uye boka rekutanga remapurovhinzi nemaguta rakapera pakupera kwaMbudzi 2011, uye mamwe mapurovhinzi nemaguta zvakaperawo mumakore akatevera 1-2. Kubva pakuona kwekukura kwekukura kwemhando ina dzemidziyo yemumba yakadai semhepo inofefetera, maTV eruvara, michina yekuwachisa nemafiriji, kuwedzera kwekukura kwemidziyo yemumba kwaive kwakanyanya panguva iyo midziyo yemumba yaienda kumaruwa. Mwero weramangwana wekukura kweindasitiri yemidziyo yemumba unotarisirwa kuramba uri pachiyero chekukura che4-8%. Iko kusimukira kwakasimba kwechikamu chemidziyo yemba inopa yakagadzikana kudiwa kwemusika kwekugadzirisa kwepurasitiki.
Indasitiri yemotokari inzvimbo huru yekushandisa yemapurasitiki akagadziridzwa kuwedzera kune indasitiri yemidziyo yemumba. Mapurasitiki akagadziridzwa akashandiswa muindasitiri yemotokari kweanoda kusvika makore makumi matanhatu. Inoshandiswa mumotokari, inogona kuderedza uremu, kuve neushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengeteka, kunaka, uye kugadzikana. Kuchengetedza simba, kusimba, nezvimwewo, uye 1kg yepurasitiki inogona kutsiva 2-3kg yesimbi uye zvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya huremu hwemuviri wemotokari. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuderedzwa kwe10% muhuremu hwemotokari kunogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta ne6-8%, uye kuderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba uye kubuda kwemotokari. Kuwedzera kuomesera mashandisirwo esimba uye exhaust emission standards. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, mumakumi emakore anotevera, kushandiswa kwemapurasitiki akagadziridzwa mumotokari kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mumidziyo yemukati kuenda kune zvikamu zvekunze uye zvikamu zveinjini, ukuwo kushandiswa kwemapurasitiki akagadziridzwa mumotokari munyika dzakabudirira Kubva padanho rekutanga rezvisiri-. kugamuchirwa, yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika 105 kilograms pamotokari muna 2000, uye yakasvika kupfuura 150 kilograms muna 2010.
Kushandiswa kwemapurasitiki akagadziridzwa emotokari munyika yangu kwakakura nekukurumidza. Parizvino, mavhareji ekushandiswa kwepurasitiki yakagadziridzwa pamotokari munyika yangu ndeye 110-120 kg, iyo iri kure kure ne150-160 kg / motokari munyika dzakabudirira. Nekuvandudzwa kwekuziva kwevatengi kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuomesera kwekuburitsa marara, maitiro emotokari dzakareruka anowedzera kuoneka, uye kushandiswa kwemapurasitiki akagadziridzwa emotokari kucharamba kuchiwedzera. Pamusoro pezvo, mumakore gumi apfuura, kutengeswa kwemotokari munyika yangu kwakasangana nekukura nekukurumidza uye kwakava musika mukuru wemotokari wepasi rose muna 2009. Kunyangwe kukura kwekutengesa kwemotokari kwakadzikira zvishoma mumakore anotevera, inotarisirwa kuchengetedza. kukura kwakadzikama mune ramangwana . Nekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemapurasitiki akagadziridzwa emotokari uye nekukura kwekutengesa kwemotokari, kushandiswa kwemapurasitiki akagadziridzwa emotokari munyika yangu kucharamba kuchikura nekukurumidza. Tichifunga kuti mota yega yega inoshandisa 150kg yepurasitiki, tichifunga kuti kuburitswa kwemota dzeChinese pagore kunodarika mamirioni makumi maviri, nzvimbo yemusika inosvika 3 miriyoni matani.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuti mota zvinhu zvevatengi zvinogara kwenguva refu, pachave nekumwe kudiwa kwekutsiva kwemota dziripo panguva yehupenyu. Inofungidzirwa kuti kushandiswa kwepurasitiki mumusika wekugadzirisa kuchaita nezve 10% yekushandiswa kwepurasitiki mumotokari itsva, uye nzvimbo chaiyo yemusika yakakura.
Kune vazhinji vanotora chikamu mumusika muindasitiri yepurasitiki yakagadziridzwa, iyo inonyanya kukamurwa kuita misasa miviri, hofori dzemakemikari emarudzi akawanda uye makambani emuno. Vagadziri vepasi rese vane tekinoroji inotungamira uye kuita kwakanakisa kwechigadzirwa. Nekudaro, iyo chigadzirwa chakasiyana chimwechete uye kukurumidza kupindura kwemusika kunononoka. Naizvozvo, mugove wemusika wemusika wemotokari wenyika yangu hauna kureba. Makambani epurasitiki akagadziridzwa emuno akasanganiswa, mazhinji madiki uye epakati mabhizinesi ane simba rekugadzira risingasviki zviuru zvitatu zvematani, uye indasitiri yemotokari ine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakugadzikana kwemhando yechigadzirwa. Zvakaoma kumabhizinesi madiki uye epakati kuti ave nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwemhando yechigadzirwa, saka zvakaoma kupasa chitupa chemakambani emotokari. Mushure mekunge makambani makuru epurasitiki akagadziridzwa apasa zvitupa zvemakambani emotokari uye apinda muchikamu chavo chekugovera, ivo vanozove vadyidzani vavo venguva refu, uye simba ravo rekutaurirana richawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-30-2020