In maqaalkii ugu dambeeyay, waxaan soo bandhignay soo ifbaxa kala firdhiyey, qaar ka mid ah hababka iyo hawlaha kala firdhiyey. Tuducan, waxaynu ku sahamin doonaa noocyada kala firdhiyey xilliyo kala duwan iyadoo la raacayo taariikhda horumarinta ee fidiyeyaasha.

Wakiilada qoynta iyo kala firdhinta miisaanka molecular hoose ee dhaqameed
Qaybtii ugu horraysay waxay ahayd triethanolamine cusbada dufanka leh, taas oo suuqa laga bilaabay qiyaastii 100 sano ka hor. Kala firdhintani waa mid aad wax ku ool ah oo dhaqaale u leh codsiyada rinjiga warshadaha guud. Suuragal maaha in la isticmaalo, iyo waxqabadkeeda bilawga ah ee nidaamka alkyd saliidda dhexdhexaadka ah maaha mid xun.

Sannadihii 1940-aadkii ilaa 1970-meeyadii, midabada loo isticmaalo warshadaynta dahaadhku waxay ahaayeen midabyo aan dabiici ahayn iyo qaar ka mid ah midabada organic kuwaas oo si fudud loo kala firdhiyey. Kala firdhiyey muddadan waxay ahaayeen maaddooyin la mid ah surfactants, oo leh koox soo xidha midabka midabka dhinac ka xigta iyo qayb ku habboon resin oo dhinaca kale ah. Unugyada intooda badani waxay lahaayeen hal dhibic oo midabaynta.

Marka laga eego dhinaca dhismaha, waxa loo qaybin karaa saddex qaybood:

(1) Aashitada dufanka leh, oo ay ku jiraan amides-ka dufanka leh, cusbada fatty acid amide, iyo polyeterrada dufanka leh. Tusaale ahaan, asiidhyada dufanka leh ee la beddelay oo leh blocks ay soo saartay BYK 1920-1930, kuwaas oo lagu milixiyay amines silsilad dheer si ay u helaan Anti-Terra U. Waxaa sidoo kale jira BYK's P104 / 104S oo leh kooxo dhamaadka shaqo sare leh oo ku salaysan falcelinta dheeraadka ah ee DA. BESM® 9116 oo laga keenay Shierli waa kala firdhiso kala firdhisan iyo kala firdhisanaan caadi ah warshadaha putty. Waxay leedahay qoyaan wanaagsan, guryaha lidka-dejinta iyo xasilloonida kaydinta. Waxa kale oo ay wanaajin kartaa guryaha ka-hortagga daxalka waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalaa ka hortagga daxalka. BESM® 9104/9104S sidoo kale waa kala firdhisanaan kontorool oo caadi ah oo leh kooxo badan oo xirxiran. Waxay samayn kartaa qaab-dhismeedka shabakad marka la kala firdhiyo, taas oo aad waxtar u leh xakamaynta xinjirowga midabka iyo midabka sabbaynaya. Maadaama alaabta ceeriin ee kala firdhisa aashitada dufanku aanay hadda ku tiirsanayn alaabta ceeriin ee petrochemical, waa la cusboonaysiin karaa.

(2) Aashitada fosfooraska ee dabiiciga ah. Kala-firdhinta noocan ahi waxay leedahay awood caalami ah oo ku xidhidhsa midabada aan noolaha ahayn. Tusaale ahaan, BYK 110/180/111 iyo BESM® 9110/9108/9101 oo ka socda Shierli ayaa ah kala firdhiyo aad u fiican oo loogu talagalay kala firdhinta titanium dioxide iyo midabada aan noolaha lahayn, oo leh hoos u dhac heersare ah, horumarinta midabka iyo waxqabadka kaydinta. Intaa waxaa dheer, BYK 103 iyo BESM® 9103 oo ka socda Shierli labaduba waxay muujinayaan faa'iidooyinka yaraynta viscosity ee heer sare ah iyo xasilloonida kaydinta marka la kala firdhiyo matte slurries.

(3) Polyethers aliphatic non-ionic iyo alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers. Miisaanka molecular ee nooca kala firdhiya ayaa guud ahaan ka yar 2000 g/mol, waxayna in badan diirada saartaa kala firdhisanaanta midabada aan noolaha ahayn iyo kuwa buuxinaya. Waxay kaa caawin karaan qoynta pigments inta lagu jiro shiidi, si wax ku ool ah u adsorb on dusha midabada aan organic iyo ka hortagga stratification iyo roobaadka ee midabada, oo ay xakameeyaan flocculation iyo ka hortagga midab sabeyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah miisaanka yar ee kelli, ma bixin karaan caqabado wax ku ool ah, mana hagaajin karaan dhalaalka iyo kala soocida filimka rinjiga. Kooxaha ku xidhidhiyaha Ionic laguma dhejin karo dusha midabada organic.

Kala firdhinta miisaanka unugyada unugyada sare
Sannadkii 1970-kii, midabada dabiiciga ah ayaa bilaabay in loo isticmaalo tiro badan. Midabka phthalocyanin ee ICI, DuPont's quinacridone pigments, CIBA's azo condensation pigments, Clariant's benzimidazolone pigments, iwm dhamaantood waa la warshadeeyay waxayna soo galeen suuqa 1970-meeyadii. Qaybaha asalka ah ee qoynta iyo kala firdhinta miisaankoodu hooseeyo ma dejin karaan midabadaas, waxaana la bilaabay in la soo saaro noocyo cusub oo miisaankoodu sareeyo.

Kala-firdhinta noocaan ah waxay leedahay miisaan unugyo ah oo ah 5000-25000 g/mol, oo leh tiro badan oo kooxo midabyo ah ku xidha molecule-ka. Silsiladda ugu weyn ee polymer waxay bixisaa iswaafajin ballaaran, iyo silsiladda dhinac ee la xalliyo waxay bixisaa caqabad adag, si qaybaha midabku ay si buuxda ugu jiraan xaalad qallafsan oo deggan. Qaybaha miisaanka kellika ah ee sarreeya waxay dejin karaan midabyo kala duwan waxayna si buuxda u xalin karaan dhibaatooyinka sida midabka sabbaynaya iyo sabaynta, gaar ahaan midabada organic iyo kaarboon madow oo leh cabbir yar oo yar iyo qulqulo fudud. Qaybiyeyaasha miisaanka kelli ee sarreeya ayaa dhammaantood ah kuwa kala firdhiyey kooxo badan oo midab-kala-soocid ah oo ku xidhan silsiladda kelli, taas oo si xoog leh u dhimi karta viscosity ee koollada midabka, hagaajinta midabka midabka, dhalaalka rinjiga iyo hufnaanta, iyo hagaajinta daahfurnaanta midabada hufan. Nidaamyada biyaha ku salaysan, kala firdhinta miisaanka unugyadu waxay leeyihiin iska caabin biyo heer sare ah iyo iska caabin saponification. Dabcan, kala firdhiyaasyada miisaanka kellika ah ee sarreeya ayaa sidoo kale laga yaabaa inay yeeshaan qaar ka mid ah waxyeellooyin, kuwaas oo inta badan ka yimid qiimaha amine ee kala firdhiyey. Qiimaha aminiga sare wuxuu u horseedi doonaa kororka viscosity ee nidaamyada epoxy inta lagu jiro kaydinta; hoos u dhac ku yimid muddada firfircoonida ee polyurethane laba-qaybood ah (adoo isticmaalaya isocyanates aromatic); hoos u dhac ku yimaada hab-dhiska aashitada; iyo saamaynta catalytic daciifka ah ee kicinta cobalt ee alkyds-qalajinta hawada.

Marka loo eego qaab dhismeedka kiimikada, nooca kala firdhiyaa inta badan waxa loo qaybiyaa saddex qaybood:

(1) Miisaanka molecular ee sarreeya ee polyurethane, kuwaas oo kala firdhiya polyurethane caadiga ah. Tusaale ahaan, BYK 160/161/163/164, BESM® 9160/9161/9163/9164, EFKA 4060/4061/4063, iyo jiilkii ugu dambeeyay ee polyurethane kala firdhiyey BYK 2155 iyo BESM® 9248 hore u soo muuqday dhagaystayaasha. Waxay leedahay hoos u dhigista viscosity wanaagsan iyo sifooyinka horumarinta midabka ee midabada organic iyo kaarboon madow, oo mar noqday qaybsanaha caadiga ah ee midabada organic. Jiilkii ugu dambeeyay ee kala firdhiyey polyurethane ayaa si weyn u wanaajiyey labadaba dhimista viscosity iyo sifooyinka horumarinta midabka. BYK 170 iyo BESM® 9107 waxay aad ugu haboon yihiin hababka aashitada-catalyzed. Kala firdhiyahu ma laha qiimo amine, taas oo yaraynaysa khatarta aglomeration inta lagu jiro kaydinta rinjiga mana saameynayso qalajinta rinjiga.

(2) Kala-firdhinta polyacrylate. Qaybahaan, sida BYK 190 iyo BESM® 9003, waxay noqdeen kala firdhiyasha heer caalami ee dahaarka biyaha ku salaysan.

(3) Kala firdhiyasha polymer-ka-gaaban. Kala firdhisyada hyperbranched aadka loo isticmaalo waa Lubrizol 24000 iyo BESM® 9240, kuwaas oo ah amides + imides oo ku salaysan polyester-ka silsilad dheer. Labadan badeeco ayaa ah badeecooyin shati laga haysto oo inta badan ku tiirsan laf dhabarta polyesterka si ay u xasiliyaan midabada. Awooddooda ay ku xamili karaan madowga kaarboonka ayaa weli ah mid aad u wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, polyesterku wuxuu ku soo dhalaali doonaa heerkul hooseeya wuxuuna sidoo kale soo daadin doonaa rinjiga la dhammeeyey. Dhibaatadani waxay ka dhigan tahay in 24000 loo isticmaali karo kaliya khad. Ka dib oo dhan, waxay muujin kartaa horumarinta midabka aad u wanaagsan iyo xasilloonida marka loo isticmaalo in lagu kala firdhiyo madow ee kaarboon ee warshadaha khadka. Si loo hagaajiyo waxqabadka crystallization, Lubrizol 32500 iyo BESM® 9245 ayaa soo muuqday midba midka kale. Marka la barbar dhigo labada qaybood ee ugu horreeya, kala-saareyaasha polymer-ka-gaaban waxay leeyihiin qaab-dhismeedka molecular qaab-dhismeedka iyo kooxaha isku-xidhnaanta midab-takoorka oo aad u urursan, sida caadiga ah leh horumar midab oo heersare ah iyo waxqabadka dhimista viscosity oo xooggan. Waafaqsanaanta kala-firdhinta polyurethane waxaa lagu hagaajin karaa noocyo kala duwan, oo inta badan daboolaya dhammaan resins alkyd laga bilaabo saliid dheer ilaa saliid gaaban, dhammaan resins polyester-ka buuxa, iyo resins hydroxyl acrylic, waxayna dejin kartaa inta badan madowga carbon iyo midabada organic ee qaabab kala duwan. Maadaama ay weli jiraan tiro badan oo darajooyin kala duwan ah oo u dhexeeya 6000-15000 miisaanka kelli, macaamiishu waxay u baahan yihiin inay baadho ku habboonaanta iyo qaddarka dheeriga ah.

Kala firdhinta xagjirka xorta ah ee la xakameyn karo
Ka dib 1990, baahida suuqa ee kala firdhisanaanta midabka ayaa la sii wanaajiyay waxaana jiray horumaro laga gaaray tignoolajiyada isku dhafka polymer, iyo jiilkii ugu dambeeyay ee kala firdhinta xagjirka xorta ah ayaa la sameeyay.

polymerization xagjirka xorta ah ee la kontorooli karo (CFRP) waxa uu leeyahay qaab-dhismeed si sax ah loo habeeyay, oo leh koox soo xidhidhaysa hal daraf oo polymerka ah iyo qayb la xaliyay oo dhinaca kale ah. CFRP waxay isticmaashaa monomers la mid ah sida polymerization-ka caadiga ah, laakiin sababtoo ah monomer-yada ayaa si joogto ah loogu habeeyaa qaybaha molecular iyo qaybinta miisaanka kelliyadu waa labbis badan, waxqabadka polymer-ka isku dhafan ayaa leh boodh tayo leh. Kooxdan wax-ku-oolka ah ee wax-ku-oolka ah waxay si weyn u wanaajisaa awoodda ka-hortagga qulqulka ee kala-baxa iyo horumarinta midabka midabka midabka. Qaybta saxda ah ee la xaliyay waxay siinaysaa firidhiyaha koollada midabka hoose ee viscosity shiidida iyo kordhinta midab sare, iyo kala firdhiyahu waxa uu leeyahay iswaafajin balaadhan oo leh agabka sal-dhigida ee kala duwan.

 

Horumarinta daahan casriga ah ee kala firdhiyey waxay leedahay taariikh ka yar 100 sano. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo kala firdhiya oo loogu talagalay midabada kala duwan iyo nidaamyada suuqa. Isha ugu weyn ee alaabta ceeriin ee kala firdhisa ayaa weli ah alaabta ceeriin ee petrochemical. Kordhinta saamiga alaabta ceeriin ee dib loo cusboonaysiin karo ee kala firdhinta waa jihada horumarineed ee rajo-gelinta leh. Laga soo bilaabo geeddi-socodka horumarinta ee kala-firdhinta, kala-baxayaashu waxay noqonayaan kuwo aad waxtar u leh. Haddi ay tahay awoodda dhimista viscosity ama horumarinta midabka iyo awoodaha kale ayaa soo hagaagaya isku mar, habkani wuu sii socon doonaa mustaqbalka.

Nanjing Dib-u-dhashay Qalabka Cusub ayaa bixiyawakiilka qoynta ee rinjiga iyo dahaarka, oo ay ku jiraan qaar ku habboon Disperbyk.

 


Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-25-2025