Lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere li bua haholo ka thermoplastics e ka sebelisoang e le thepa ea meralo. Lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere li na le thepa e felletseng e felletseng, ho tiea ho hoholo, ho thella ho tlase, matla a phahameng a mochini, ho hanyetsa mocheso hantle, le ho kenya motlakase hantle. Li ka sebelisoa nako e telele libakeng tse thata tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsa 'mele' me li ka nkela tšepe sebaka e le lisebelisoa tsa meralo ea boenjiniere. Lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere li ka aroloa ka lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere tse akaretsang le lipolasetiki tse khethehileng tsa boenjiniere. Mefuta e meholo ea pele ke polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene ether (PPO) le polyester (PBT). Le PET) lipolasetiki tse hlano tsa boenjiniere tse akaretsang; ea ho qetela hangata e bua ka lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere tse nang le ho hanyetsa mocheso ka holimo ho 150Co, mefuta e ka sehloohong ke polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), liquid crystal High molecular polymer (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR ), joalo-joalo.
Ha ho na moeli o hlakileng oa ho arola lipakeng tsa lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere le lipolasetiki tsa morero o akaretsang. Ka mohlala, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) e pakeng tsa tse peli. Limaraka tsa eona tse tsoetseng pele li ka sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa meralo ea boenjiniere. Mophato ke lipolasetiki tse tloaelehileng tsa morero o akaretsang (ho bua kantle ho naha ka kakaretso, ABS e khetholloa e le lipolasetiki tsa morero o akaretsang). Bakeng sa mohlala o mong, polypropylene (PP) ke polasetiki e tloaelehileng e sebelisoang ka kakaretso, empa ka mor'a ho matlafatsa fiber ea khalase le ho kopanya tse ling, matla a eona a mochine le ho hanyetsa mocheso li ntlafalitsoe haholo, 'me e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le thepa ea meralo masimong a mangata a boenjiniere. . Mohlala o mong, polyethylene e boetse e le polasetiki e tloaelehileng ea sepheo se akaretsang, empa polyethylene ea boima ba limolek'hule e fetang limilione tse 1, ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ntle ea mochini le mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso, e ka sebelisoa haholo joalo ka lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere. ka mechine, lipalangoang, thepa ea lik'hemik'hale joalo-joalo.
Bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa matla, ho tiea, ho lieha ha lelakabe le lintho tse ling tsa polasetiki, hangata hoa hlokahala ho ntlafatsa likarolo tse itseng tsa ts'ebetso ea "synthetic resin substrate" ka mekhoa ea ho kopanya e kang ho matlafatsa, ho tlatsa le ho eketsoa ha li-resin tse ling motheong oa tsona. ea li-resin tsa maiketsetso. Motlakase, magnetism, khanya, mocheso, ho hanyetsa botsofali, ho lieha ha lelakabe, thepa ea mochine le likarolo tse ling li finyella litlhoko tsa ho sebelisoa tlas'a maemo a khethehileng. Li-additives bakeng sa ho kopanya e ka ba li-flame retardants, tougheners, stabilizers, joalo-joalo, kapa polasetiki e 'ngoe kapa fiber e matlafalitsoeng, joalo-joalo; substrate e ka ba lipolasetiki tse hlano tse akaretsang, lipolasetiki tse hlano tsa boenjiniere tse akaretsang, kapa polasetiki e khethehileng ea boenjiniere.
Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea polasetiki 'me e sebelisoa haholo. Hoo e ka bang 90% ea lisebelisoa tse tala tse sebelisoang hangata ke polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polystyrene PS le ABS resin. Leha ho le joalo, polasetiki ka 'ngoe e na le mefokolo ea eona.
Lilemong tse mashome a seng makae tse fetileng, batho ba 'nile ba ikemisetsa ho ntlafatsa thepa e ncha ea polymer. Har'a likete tsa lisebelisoa tsa polymer tse sa tsoa ntlafatsoa, ke tse fokolang tse nang le lisebelisoa tse kholo. Ka hona, re ke ke ra tšepa ho hlahisa tse ncha. Lisebelisoa tsa polymer ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso. Leha ho le joalo, e se e le khetho ea tlhaho ea ho sebetsana le li-plastiki ka ho tlatsa, ho kopanya, le ho matlafatsa mekhoa ea ho matlafatsa lelakabe la bona la ho lieha, matla le ho hanyetsa tšusumetso.
Li-plastiki tse tloaelehileng li na le mefokolo e kang ho chesa, ho tsofala, thepa e tlaase ea mechine, le mocheso o tlaase oa ho sebetsa ha ho sebelisoa indasteri le tšebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka phetoho, lipolasetiki tse tloaelehileng li ka fihlela ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso, keketseho ea ts'ebetso, le phokotso ea litšenyehelo. Bokaholimo ba polasetiki e fetotsoeng ke resin ea mofuta oa mantlha, e sebelisang li-additives kapa li-resin tse ling tse ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea resin nthong e le 'ngoe kapa tse' maloa tse kang mechanics, rheology, combustibility, motlakase, mocheso, leseli le magnetism joalo ka lisebelisoa tse thusang. , Toughening, ho matlafatsa, ho kopanya, alloying le mekhoa e meng ea theknoloji ho fumana lisebelisoa tse nang le ponahalo e tšoanang.
Lipolasetiki tse hlano tse sebelisoang ka kakaretso e le lisebelisoa tsa motheo: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), le polyvinyl chloride
Lipolasetiki tse hlano tse akaretsang tsa boenjiniere: polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA, e tsejoang hape e le nylon), polyester (PET/PBT), polyphenylene ether (PPO), Polyoxymethylene (POM)
Lipolasetiki tse khethehileng tsa boenjiniere: polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymer crystal polymer (LCP), polysulfone (PSF), polyimide (PI), polyaryletherketone (PEEK), polyarylate (PAR), joalo-joalo.
Mabapi le lits'ebetso tse tlase, lipolasetiki tse fetotsoeng li sebelisoa haholo liindastering tse kang lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, likoloi le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki.
Ho tloha qalong ea lekholo la bo21 la lilemo, ka nts'etsopele ea moruo o moholo oa naha ea heso, matla a 'maraka a lipolasetiki tse fetotsoeng a ntse a eketseha. Tšebeliso e bonahalang ea lipolasetiki tse fetotsoeng naheng ea heso e tsoetse pele ho eketseha ho tloha ho lithane tse 720,000 mathoasong a 2000 ho ea ho lithane tse limilione tse 7.89 ka 2013. Sekhahla sa khōlo ea motsoako se ka holimo ho 18.6%, 'me liindasteri tsa thepa ea lapeng le likoloi li nka karolo e batlang e phahame. ea lisebelisoa tse tlase.
Ka Phato 2009, naha e ile ea thakhola maano a “lisebelisoa tsa lapeng tse eang mahaeng” libakeng tsa mahaeng le “ho nkela tsa khale bakeng sa tse ncha” metseng ea litoropo. 'Maraka oa lisebelisoa tsa lapeng tse kang li-air conditioner le lihatsetsi li ile tsa hlaphoheloa kapele, li tsamaisa kholo e potlakileng ea tlhokahalo ea li-plastiki tse fetotsoeng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa lapeng. Kamora ho ba le kholo e potlakileng ea lisebelisoa tsa lapeng tse eang mahaeng, sekhahla sa kholo ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa lapeng naheng ea heso se theohile, 'me tlhoko ea lipolasetiki tse fetotsoeng le eona e theohile. Khōlo ea indasteri ea likoloi e fetohile lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea li-plastiki tse fetotsoeng.
Hajoale, China e fetohile naha e kholo tlhahisong le tšebelisong ea lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, 'me ke setsi sa tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa malapeng lefatšeng ka bophara. Boholo ba lipolasetiki tse sebelisoang ha ho etsoa lisebelisoa tsa ntlo ke thermoplastics, e etsang karolo ea 90%. Hoo e ka bang lipolasetiki tsohle tse sebelisoang lisebelisoa tsa ntlo li hloka ho fetoloa. Hajoale, karolo ea lipolasetiki tsa lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa ntlo Chaena ke: 60% bakeng sa li-vacuum cleaners, 38% bakeng sa lihatsetsi, 34% bakeng sa mechini e hlatsoang, 23% bakeng sa lithelevishene, le 10% bakeng sa li-air conditioner.
Lisebelisoa tsa lapeng tse eang mahaeng li qalile ka Tšitoe 2007, 'me sehlopha sa pele sa liprofinse le litoropo se felile qetellong ea Pulungoana 2011, 'me liprofinse le litoropo tse ling le tsona li ile tsa fela lilemong tse latelang tse 1-2. Ho latela pono ea sekhahla sa kholo ea tlhahiso ea mefuta e mene ea lisebelisoa tsa lapeng tse kang li-air conditioner, li-TV tsa mebala, mechine e hlatsoang le lihatsetsi, sekhahla sa khōlo ea lisebelisoa tsa lapeng se ne se phahame haholo nakong eo lisebelisoa tsa lapeng li neng li ea mahaeng. Sekhahla sa kholo ea nakong e tlang ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa lapeng e lebelletsoe ho lula e le ka sekhahla sa kholo ea 4-8%. Tsoelo-pele e tsitsitseng ea lekala la lisebelisoa tsa lapeng e fana ka tlhokahalo e tsitsitseng ea 'maraka bakeng sa phetoho ea polasetiki.
Indasteri ea likoloi ke sebaka se seholo sa ts'ebeliso ea lipolasetiki tse fetotsoeng ho kenyelletsa indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa lapeng. Li-plastiki tse fetotsoeng li 'nile tsa sebelisoa indastering ea likoloi ka lilemo tse ka bang 60. Ha li sebelisoa likoloing, li ka fokotsa boima ba 'mele, tsa baballa tikoloho, li bolokehile, li ntle ebile li phutholohile. Ho boloka matla, ho tšoarella, joalo-joalo, le 1kg ea polasetiki e ka nka sebaka sa 2-3kg ea tšepe le lisebelisoa tse ling, tse ka fokotsang boima ba 'mele oa koloi haholo. Liphuputso li bontšitse hore phokotso ea 10% ea boima ba koloi e ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura ka 6-8%, 'me ea fokotsa haholo tšebeliso ea matla le ho tsoa ha koloi. Tšebeliso e matla ea matla le maemo a ho ntša metsi a mangata. Ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, lilemong tse mashome tse latelang, ts'ebeliso ea lipolasetiki tse fetotsoeng likoloing e 'nile ea tsoela pele butle-butle ho tloha thepa ea ka hare ho ea likarolong tse ka ntle le likarolo tsa peripheral tsa enjene, ha ts'ebeliso ea lipolasetiki tse fetotsoeng likoloing tsa linaha tse tsoetseng pele linaheng tse tsoetseng pele. Kamohelo, butle-butle e se e ntlafalitse ho 105 kilograms ka koloi ka 2000, 'me e fihlile ho feta lik'hilograma tse 150 ka 2010.
Tšebeliso ea li-plastiki tse fetotsoeng bakeng sa likoloi naheng ea heso e eketsehile ka potlako. Hona joale, karolelano ea tšebeliso ea li-plastiki tse fetotsoeng ka koloi naheng ea heso ke 110-120 kg, e leng hole le 150-160 kg / koloi linaheng tse tsoetseng pele. Ka ntlafatso ea tlhokomeliso ea tikoloho ea bareki le litekanyetso tse thata tsa ho ntša metsi, mokhoa oa likoloi tse bobebe o ntse o hlaka le ho feta, 'me tšebeliso ea lipolasetiki tse fetotsoeng bakeng sa likoloi li tla tsoela pele ho eketseha. Ho feta moo, lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, thekiso ea likoloi tsa naha ea heso e bile le kholo e potlakileng mme e fetohile 'maraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa likoloi lefatšeng ka 2009. Le hoja kholo ea thekiso ea likoloi e theohile butle-butle lilemong tse latelang, ho lebelletsoe hore e tla lula e le teng. khōlo e tsitsitseng nakong e tlang . Ka keketseho ea tšebeliso ea lipolasetiki tse fetotsoeng bakeng sa likoloi le kholo ea thekiso ea likoloi, tšebeliso ea lipolasetiki tse fetotsoeng bakeng sa likoloi naheng ea heso e tla tsoela pele ho hola ka potlako. Ho nka hore koloi e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e sebelisa 150kg ea polasetiki, ho nahanoa hore tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea likoloi tsa Chaena e feta limilione tse 20, sebaka sa 'maraka ke lithane tse limilione tse 3.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, hobane likoloi ke thepa e tšoarellang ea bareki, ho tla ba le tlhoko e itseng ea ho nkela likoloi tse teng nakong ea potoloho ea bophelo. Ho hakanngoa hore tšebeliso ea polasetiki 'marakeng oa tlhokomelo e tla ikarabella bakeng sa hoo e ka bang 10% ea tšebeliso ea polasetiki likoloing tse ncha,' me sebaka sa sebele sa 'maraka se seholoanyane.
Ho na le bankakarolo ba bangata ba mebaraka indastering ea polasetiki e fetotsoeng, e arotsoeng haholo ka likampo tse peli, linatla tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa machaba le lik'hamphani tsa lehae. Baetsi ba machaba ba na le theknoloji e etellang pele le ts'ebetso e ntle ea sehlahisoa. Leha ho le joalo, mofuta oa sehlahisoa ha o le mong 'me lebelo la karabo ea 'maraka le lieha. Ka hona, karolo ea mmaraka ea 'maraka oa likoloi oa naha ea heso ha e telele. Likhamphani tsa polasetiki tse fetotsoeng tsa lehae li tsoakane, boholo ba likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng tse nang le matla a tlhahiso a ka tlase ho lithane tse 3,000, mme indasteri ea likoloi e na le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa botsitso ba boleng ba sehlahisoa. Ho thata ho likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng ho netefatsa botsitso ba boleng ba sehlahisoa, ka hona ho thata ho fetisa setifikeiti sa lik'hamphani tsa likoloi. Ka mor'a hore lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa polasetiki tse fetotsoeng li fane ka setifikeiti sa lik'hamphani tsa likoloi le ho kenya thepa ea tsona, hangata e tla ba balekane ba bona ba nako e telele, 'me matla a bona a lipuisano a tla eketseha butle-butle.
Nako ea poso: Nov-30-2020