In isihloko sokugcina, sethule ukuvela kwama-dispersants, ezinye izindlela kanye nemisebenzi yabahlakazayo. Kulesi siqeshana, sizohlola izinhlobo zama-dispersants ezikhathini ezahlukene ngomlando wokuthuthukiswa kwama-dispersants.

I-ejenti evamile yokumanzisa neyokuhlakaza yamangqamuzana aphansi
I-disperant yakuqala kwakuyi-triethanolamine usawoti we-fatty acid, owasungulwa emakethe cishe eminyakeni eyi-100 edlule. Le dispersant isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi iyonga ekusetshenzisweni kopende wezimboni jikelele. Akunakwenzeka ukuyisebenzisa, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokuqala ohlelweni lwe-alkyd yamafutha aphakathi akukubi.

Ngeminyaka yawo-1940 kuya ko-1970, izingulube zombala ezazisetshenziswa embonini yokumboza zaziyimibala ye-inorganic kanye nezinye izingulube zemvelo okwakulula ukuzihlakaza. Izisabalalisi phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwakuyizinto ezifanayo nama-surfactants, aneqembu lokunamathisela umbala ekugcineni kanye nengxenye ehambisana neresin ngakolunye uhlangothi. Amangqamuzana amaningi ayenephuzu elilodwa kuphela lokunamathisela umbala wombala.

Ngokombono wesakhiwo, zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu:

(1) okuphuma ku-fatty acid, okuhlanganisa ama-fatty acid amide, ama-fatty acid amide salts, nama-polyether acid anamafutha. Isibonelo, ama-fatty acids ashintshiwe anamabhulokhi athuthukiswe yi-BYK ngo-1920-1930, afakwa usawoti ngama-amine amaketango amade ukuze kutholwe i-Anti-Terra U. Kukhona futhi i-BYK's P104/104S enamaqembu wokugcina asebenza kahle asekelwe ekuphenduleni kokwengezwa kwe-DA. I-BESM® 9116 evela e-Shierli iyi-dispersant ehlayo kanye ne-dispersant ejwayelekile embonini ye-putty. Inokumanzisa okuhle, izakhiwo zokulwa nokuhlalisa kanye nokuzinza kwesitoreji. Ingakwazi futhi ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokulwa nokugqwala futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-anti-corrosion primers. I-BESM® 9104/9104S iphinde ibe yi-flocculation dispersant evamile elawulwa ngamaqembu amaningi okunamathisela. Ingakha isakhiwo senethiwekhi lapho ihlakazwa, esiza kakhulu ekulawuleni ukucwiliswa kwe-pigment nombala ontantayo. Njengoba i-fatty acid derivative dispersant izinto zokusetshenziswa azisancikile ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ze-petrochemical, ziyavuseleleka.

(2) I-Organic phosphoric acid ester polymers. Lolu hlobo lwe-dispersant lunekhono lokubambelela endaweni yonke le-pigments ye-inorganic. Isibonelo, i-BYK 110/180/111 kanye ne-BESM® 9110/9108/9101 evela e-Shierli izisabalalisi ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlakaza i-titanium dioxide nama-inorganic pigments, ngokuncishiswa kwe-viscosity okuvelele, ukuthuthukiswa kombala nokusebenza kwesitoreji. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-BYK 103 kanye ne-BESM® 9103 ezivela e-Shierli zombili zibonisa izinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu zokunciphisa i-viscosity nokuzinza kwesitoreji lapho kuhlakazwa ama-matte slurries.

(3) Ama-polyether angewona ama-ionic aliphatic nama-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers. Isisindo samangqamuzana alolu hlobo lwe-dispersant ngokuvamile singaphansi kuka-2000 g/mol, futhi sigxila kakhulu ekuhlakazweni kwezimibalabala nezigcwalisi ze-inorganic. Zingasiza ukumanzisa i-pigments ngesikhathi sokugaya, zikhangise ngokuphumelelayo ebusweni bezimibala ze-inorganic futhi zivimbele ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvula yemibala, futhi zingalawula ukugeleza futhi zivikele imibala entantayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesisindo esincane samangqamuzana, abakwazi ukunikeza isithiyo se-steric esisebenzayo, futhi abakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukucwebezela nokuhluka kwefilimu kapende. Amaqembu e-ionic anchoring awakwazi ukukhangiswa ebusweni bemibala ephilayo.

Izisabalali zesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu
Ngo-1970, izingulube eziphilayo zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngobuningi. I-ICI's phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments ye-DuPont, i-azo condensation pigments ye-CIBA, i-benzimidazolone pigments ye-Clariant, njll. konke kwenziwa ngezimboni futhi kwangena emakethe ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Amangqamuzana okuqala okumanzisa nokuwahlakaza amangqamuzana okuqala ayengasakwazi ukuzinzisa lezi mibala, futhi kwaqala ukwenziwa izinto ezintsha zokusabalalisa isisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu.

Lolu hlobo lwe-dispersant lunesisindo samangqamuzana esingu-5000-25000 g/mol, nenani elikhulu lamaqembu okunamathisela umbala ku-molecule. Iketango eliyinhloko le-polymer linikeza ukuhambisana okubanzi, futhi iketango elihlangothini elixazululiwe linikeza isithiyo esiqinile, ukuze izinhlayiya ze-pigment zibe sesimweni esinqunyiwe futhi esizinzile. Izisabalalisi zesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu zingazinzisa izinhlobonhlobo zombala futhi zixazulule ngokuphelele izinkinga ezifana nombala ontantayo nokuntanta, ikakhulukazi kombala we-organic kanye ne-carbon black enosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane kanye nokugeleza okulula. Izisabalalisi zesisindo samangqamuzana eziphakeme zonke zingama-dipersants ahlanzayo anamaqembu amaningi okunamathisela umbala ochungechungeni lwamangqamuzana, anganciphisa kakhulu i-viscosity yokunamathisela kombala, athuthukise amandla okuthayela kwe-pigment, isicwebezelisi sikapende nokugqama, futhi athuthukise ukucaca kombala obala. Ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe emanzini, ama-disperants anesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu anokumelana namanzi okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana ne-saponification. Kunjalo, high molecular weight dispersants ingase ibe nemiphumela engemihle, ephuma ikakhulukazi enanini le-amine le-dispersant. Inani eliphakeme le-amine lizoholela ekwandeni kwe-viscosity yezinhlelo ze-epoxy ngesikhathi sokugcina; isikhathi sokuvula esincishisiwe sezingxenye ezimbili ze-polyurethanes (kusetshenziswa ama-isocyanate anuka kamnandi); ukunciphisa ukusebenza kabusha kwezinhlelo zokuphulukisa i-asidi; kanye nomphumela we-catalytic owenziwe buthaka we-cobalt catalysts kuma-alkyds okomisa umoya.

Ngokombono wesakhiwo samakhemikhali, lolu hlobo lwe-dispersant luhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izigaba ezintathu:

(1) Izisabalalisi ze-polyurethane ezinesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana, okuyizinto ezivamile zokusabalalisa i-polyurethane. Isibonelo, i-BYK 160/161/163/164, BESM® 9160/9161/9163/9164, EFKA 4060/4061/4063, kanye nesizukulwane sakamuva sama-dispersants e-polyurethane BYK 2155 kanye ne-BESM® 9248 ababukeli bavele ngokuhlobene. Inezindawo ezinhle zokuncishiswa kwe-viscosity kanye nezakhiwo zokuthuthukisa umbala we-organic pigments kanye ne-carbon black, futhi yake yaba yi-disperant ejwayelekile yezingulube eziphilayo. Isizukulwane sakamuva se-polyurethane dispersants sithuthukise kakhulu kokubili ukuncishiswa kwe-viscosity kanye nezakhiwo zokuthuthukisa umbala. I-BYK 170 kanye ne-BESM® 9107 zifaneleka kakhulu kumasistimu e-acid-catalyzed. I-disperant ayinalo inani le-amine, elinciphisa ingozi ye-agglomeration ngesikhathi sokugcina upende futhi akuthinti ukomiswa kopende.

(2) Izisabalali ze-Polyacrylate. Lezi zihlakazi, ezifana ne-BYK 190 kanye ne-BESM® 9003, seziphenduke izisabalalisi ezijwayelekile zendawo yonke zama-coatings asekelwe emanzini.

(3) I-Hyperbranched polymer dispersants. Ama-hyperbranched dispersants asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Lubrizol 24000 kanye ne-BESM® 9240, okungama-amides + imides asekelwe kuma-polyester amaketanga amade. Le mikhiqizo yomibili iyimikhiqizo enelungelo lobunikazi ethembele kakhulu kumgogodla we-polyester ukusimamisa izimibalabala. Ikhono labo lokuphatha i-carbon black lisahle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-polyester izocwebezela emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi izophinde ikhuphuke ngopende ophelile. Le nkinga isho ukuthi u-24000 ungasetshenziswa kumayinki kuphela. Phela, ingabonisa ukuthuthukiswa kombala okuhle kakhulu nokuzinza lapho isetshenziselwa ukuhlakaza i-carbon black embonini ye-inki. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-crystallization, i-Lubrizol 32500 ne-BESM® 9245 zivele ngokulandelana. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezigaba ezimbili zokuqala, ama-hyperbranched polymer dispersants anesakhiwo samangqamuzana ayindilinga kanye namaqembu ahlobene ne-pigment agxile kakhulu, imvamisa anokuthuthukiswa kombala okuvelele nokusebenza okuqinile kokunciphisa i-viscosity. Ukuhambisana kwama-polyurethane dispersants kungalungiswa ngebanga elibanzi, ikakhulukazi ukumboza wonke ama-alkyd resins ukusuka kuwoyela amade kuya kuwoyela omfushane, wonke ama-polyester agcwele ama-polyester resins, nama-hydroxyl acrylic resins, futhi angasimamisa iningi le-carbon black kanye ne-organic pigments yezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene. Njengoba kusenenani elikhulu lamabanga ahlukene phakathi kwezisindo zamangqamuzana angu-6000-15000, amakhasimende adinga ukuhlolela ukuhambisana nenani elingeziwe.

Izisabalalisi ze-polymerization zamahhala ezilawulekayo
Ngemuva kuka-1990, isidingo semakethe sokuhlakazwa kombala sathuthukiswa futhi kwaba khona impumelelo kubuchwepheshe be-polymer synthesis, futhi isizukulwane sakamuva se-controlled free radical polymerization dispersants sathuthukiswa.

I-Controllable free radical polymerization (i-CFRP) inesakhiwo esiklanywe kahle, esineqembu elibambelelayo ekugcineni kwe-polymer kanye nengxenye exazululiwe ngakolunye uhlangothi. I-CFRP isebenzisa ama-monomers afanayo njenge-polymerization evamile, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ama-monomers ahlelwa njalo ezingxenyeni zamangqamuzana futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo samangqamuzana kufana kakhulu, ukusebenza kwe-dispersant ye-polymer ehlanganisiwe kune-leap qualitative. Leli qembu le-anchoring elisebenzayo lithuthukisa kakhulu ikhono le-anti-flocculation le-dispersant kanye nokuthuthukiswa kombala we-pigment. Ingxenye eqondile exazululiwe inika i-disperant umbala ophansi wokugaya i-viscosity kanye nokwengezwa kwe-pigment ephezulu, futhi i-disperant inokuhambisana okubanzi nezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-resin base.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-coating dispersants yesimanje kunomlando ongaphansi kweminyaka eyi-100. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-disperants ezinhlobonhlobo zemibala nezinhlelo emakethe. Umthombo oyinhloko wezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlakazayo kuseyizinto zokusetshenziswa ze-petrochemical. Ukwenyusa inani lezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivuselelekayo kuma-dispersants kuyisiqondiso sentuthuko esithembisa kakhulu. Kusukela enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa kwama-dispersants, ama-disperants aya ngokuya esebenza kahle. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhono lokunciphisa i-viscosity noma ukuthuthukiswa kombala kanye namanye amakhono ayathuthuka ngesikhathi esisodwa, le nqubo izoqhubeka esikhathini esizayo.

I-Nanjing Reborn New Materials inikezaukumanzisa i-agent ye-disperant yamapende nokunamathela, kuhlanganise namanye afana ne-Disperbyk.